Nygaardsvold's Cabinet


Nygaardsvold's Cabinet was appointed on 20 March 1935, the second Labour cabinet in Norway. It brought to an end the non-socialist minority Governments that had been dominating politics since the introduction of the parliamentary system in 1884, and replaced it with stable Labour Governments that, with the exception of during World War II, would last until the coalition cabinet Lyng in 1963.
Since the cabinet Hornsrud intermezzo in the winter of 1928, a one-month Labour Government, the Labour Party had changed from revolutionary communism to social democracy. The main reason for the change of course was the realization that Government power could be used for reforms that could lessen the impact of the economic crisis. In the 1933 election the party used the slogans "Work for everyone" and "Country and city, hand in hand". The last time the party portrayed itself as revolutionary was the 1930 election.
The Labour Party advanced in the 1933 election, but did not get a majority. Instead they made a compromise with the Farmer Party, allowing the cabinet Nygaardsvold to enter the Council of State. The party did not get majority in the 1936 election either, and continued to govern thanks to fluctuating support from various opposition parties.
The night before 9 April 1940, the Norwegian Government was, like most other authorities in the country, surprised by the German Operation Weserübung. It chose resistance, though in a rather fumbling and unclear way, especially initially. The Government left Norway on 7 June 1940 after the capitulation and established itself in London the same day, along with King Haakon VII and Crown Prince Olav.
Back in Norway, over the course of the war, four cabinets were instated by Vidkun Quisling and Josef Terboven, as the de facto Governments of Norway. The Government-in-exile is sometimes referred to as the London Cabinet. It returned to Norway on 31 May 1945
aboard the UK troop ship. On 12 June, Nygaardsvold announced his resignation, and on 25 June, the pan-political first cabinet Gerhardsen took over.
Below are the four de facto Governments in Oslo during the war, either sympathising with or actually appointed by German Forces. The Reichskommissar in Oslo was Josef Terboven.
PortfolioMinisterPeriodParty
Prime MinisterJohan Nygaardsvold20 March 1935 – 25 June 1945Labour
Minister of AgricultureHans Ystgaard20 March 1935 – 25 June 1945Labour
Minister of Church Affairs and EducationNils Hjelmtveit20 March 1935 – 25 June 1945Labour
Minister of DefenceChristian Fredrik Monsen20 March 1935 – 15 November 1935Labour
Minister of DefenceAdolf Indrebø15 November 1935 – 20 December 1935Labour
Minister of DefenceOscar Torp20 December 1935 – 15 August 1936Labour
Minister of DefenceChristian Fredrik Monsen15 August 1936 – 22 December 1939Labour
Minister of DefenceBirger Ljungberg22 December 1939 – 28 November 1942Labour
Minister of DefenceOscar Torp28 November 1942 – 25 June 1945Labour
Minister of FinanceAdolf Indrebø20 March 1935 – 13 November 1936Labour
Minister of FinanceKornelius Bergsvik13 November 1936 – 1 July 1939Labour
Minister of FinanceOscar Torp1 July 1939 – 28 November 1941Labour
Minister of FinancePaul Hartmann28 November 1941 – 25 June 1945Resistance
Minister of Foreign AffairsHalvdan Koht20 March 1935 – 19 November 1940Labour
Minister of Foreign AffairsTrygve Lie19 November 1940 – 25 June 1945Labour
Minister of JusticeTrygve Lie20 March 1935 – 19 November 1939Labour
Minister of JusticeTerje Wold19 November 1939 – 25 June 1945Labour
Minister of LabourJohan Nygaardsvold20 March 1935 – 2 October 1939Labour
Minister of LabourOlav Hindahl2 October 1939 – 25 June 1945Labour
Minister of Social AffairsKornelius Bergsvik20 March 1935 – 13 November 1936Labour
Minister of Social AffairsOscar Torp13 November 1936 – 1 July 1939Labour
Minister of Social AffairsSverre Støstad1 July 1939 – 25 June 1945Labour
Minister of ShippingArne Sunde1 October 1942 – 25 June 1945Liberal
Minister of SupplyTrygve Lie2 October 1939 – 19 November 1940Labour
Minister of SupplyArne Sunde19 November 1940 – 1 October 1942Liberal
Minister of SupplyAnders Rasmus Frihagen1 October 1942 – 25 June 1945Labour
Minister of Trade, Shipping,
Industry, Crafts and Fisheries		Alfred Madsen20 March 1935 – 1 July 1939Labour
Minister of Trade, Shipping,
Industry, Crafts and Fisheries		Trygve Lie1 July 1939 – 2 October 1939Labour
Minister of Trade, Shipping,
Industry, Crafts and Fisheries		Anders Rasmus Frihagen2 October 1939 – 7 June 1940Labour
Minister of Trade, Shipping,
Industry, Crafts and Fisheries		Terje Wold7 June 1940 – April 1942Labour
Minister of Trade, Shipping,
Industry, Crafts and Fisheries		Anders Rasmus FrihagenApril 1942 – 1 October 1942Labour
Minister of Trade, Shipping,
Industry, Crafts and Fisheries		Olav Hindahl1 October 1942 – 9 March 1945Labour
Minister of Trade, Shipping,
Industry, Crafts and Fisheries		Sven Nielsen9 March 1945 – 25 June 1945Conservative