Oghuz Khagan


Oghuz Khagan or Oghuz Khan is a legendary khan of the Turkic peoples. Some Turkic cultures use this legend to describe their ethnic origins and the origin of the system of political clans used by Turkmen, Ottoman, and other Oghuz Turks. The various versions of the narrative preserved in many different manuscripts has been published in numerous languages as listed below in the references. The narrative is often entitled Oghuznama, or narrative of the Oghuz.

Aqqoyunlu

The Aq Qoyunlu Sultans claimed descent from Bayindir Khan, through grandson of Oghuz Khagan.

Ottomans

Yazıcıoğlu Ali, in early 15th century, traced Osman's geneaology to Oghuz Khagan, through his senior grandson of his senior son, so giving the Ottoman sultans primacy among Turkish monarchs. Bayezid I advanced this claim against Timur, who denigrated the Ottoman lineage.
According to Ottoman historian Neşri, Osman had a grandfather with a king's name and came from a lineage of the senior branch of Oghuz family:

The experts in knowledge of the foundation of the prophets and those who know the secrets of the meanings works narrate that this great lineage comes from Oghuz son of Kara Han, who was one of the children of Bulcas, son of Yafes, son of Noah, peace be upon him! As follows: Ertugrul son of Suleyman Shah son of Kaya Alp son of Kızıl Buğa... son of Bulcas son of Yafes son of Noah.

Sultan Cem, Bayezid II's brother, linked their geneaology to Oghuz Khagan that would prevail as a tool of legitimization of the sixteenth century onwards:

Oghuz Khan, he was given the name, which means "saint", in his childhood because he was seen on the right path. Because he recognized the Oneness of God, he fought with his father, and Oghuz's army killed the latter. This happened during Prophet Abraham's times.

Legend

According to a Turkish legend, Oghuz was born in Central Asia as the son of Qara Khan, leader of a Turkic people. He started talking as soon as he was born. He stopped drinking his mother's milk after the first time and asked for kymyz and meat. After that, he grew up supernaturally fast and in only forty days he became a young adult. At the time of his birth, the lands of the Turkic people were preyed upon by a dragon named Kiyant. Oghuz armed himself and went to kill the dragon. He set a trap for the dragon by hanging a freshly killed deer in a tree, then killed the great dragon with a bronze lance and cut off its head with a steel sword.
After Oghuz killed Kiyant, he became a people's hero. He formed a special warrior band from the forty sons of forty Turkic begs, thus gathering the clans together. But his Chinese stepmother and half-brother, who was the heir to the throne, became intimidated by his power and convinced Qara Khan that Oghuz was planning to dethrone him. Qara Khan decided to assassinate Oghuz at a hunting party. Oghuz learned about this plan and instead killed his father and became the khan. His stepmother and half-brother fled to Chinese lands.
After Oghuz became the khan, he went to the steppes by himself to praise and pray to Tengri. While praying, he saw a circle of light coming from the sky with a supernaturally beautiful girl standing in the light. Oghuz fell in love with the girl and married her. He had three sons whom he named Güneş, Ay, and Yıldız . Later, Oghuz went hunting and saw another mesmerizing girl inside a tree. He married her as well and had three more sons whom he named Gök, Dağ, and Deniz .
After his sons were born, Oghuz Khan gave a great :tr:Toy|toy and invited all of his begs. At the feast, he gave this order to his lords:

"I have become your Khan;


Let's all take swords and shields;


Kut will be our sign;


Gray wolf will be our uran ;


Our iron lances will be a forest;


Khulan will walk on the hunting ground;


More seas and more rivers;


Sun is our flag and sky is our tent."

Then, he sent letters to the Kings of the Four Directions, saying: "I am the Khan of the Turks. And I will be Khan of the Four Corners of the Earth. I want your obedience."
Altun Khan, on the right corner of the earth, submitted his obedience, but Urum, Khan of the left corner, did not. Oghuz declared war on Urum Khan and marched his army to the west. One night, a large male wolf with grey fur came to his tent in an aura of light. He said, "Oghuz, you want to march against Urum, I want to march before your army." So, the grey sky-wolf marched before the Turkic army and guided them. The two armies fought near the river İtil. Oghuz Khan won the battle. Then, Oghuz and his six sons carried out campaigns in Turkistan, India, Iran, Egypt, Iraq and Syria, with the grey wolf as their guide. He became the Khan of the Four Corners of the Earth.
In his old age, Oghuz saw a dream. He called his six sons and sent them to the east and the west. His elder sons found a golden bow in the east. His younger sons found three silver arrows in the west. Oghuz Khan broke the golden bow into three pieces and gave each to his three older sons Gün, Ay, and Yıldız. He said, "My older sons, take this bow and shoot your arrows to the sky like this bow." He gave the three silver arrows to his three younger sons Gök, Dağ and Deniz and said, "My younger sons, take these silver arrows. A bow shoots arrows and you are to be like the arrow." Then, he passed his lands on to his sons, Bozoks and Üçoks at a final banquet.
Then he said:

"My sons, I walked a lot;


I saw many battles;


I threw so many arrows and lances;


I rode many horses;


I made my enemies cry;


I made my friends smile;


I paid my debt to Tengri;


Now I am giving my land to you."

Historical precursor

In scientific literature, the name of Maodun is usually associated with Oguz Kagan, an epic ancestor of the Turkic people. The reason for that is a striking similarity of the Oguz-Kagan biography in the Turko-Persian manuscripts with the Maodun biography in the Chinese sources, which was first noticed by N.Ya. Bichurin.

Legacy

Oghuz Khan is sometimes considered the mythological founder of all Turkic peoples, and ancestor of the Oghuz subbranch. Even today, subbranches of Oghuz are classified in order of the legendary six sons and 24 grandsons of Oghuz Khan. In history, Turkmen dynasties often rebelled or claimed sovereignty by saying their rank was higher than the existing dynasty in this tribal classification.
Oğuz and Oğuzhan are a common masculine Turkish given names, which come from Oghuz Khan.
Mary Province's district Oguzhan, in Turkmenistan, is named after him.

Footnotes