The climate is temperate. The winter is moderately cold, with an average January temperature is. Summers are warm and humid, with an average July temperature is. Rainfall averages, and snow cover averages 120 days.
Hydrography
On the territory of the Oryol region there are more than 2 thousand rivers and streams with a total length of, but there are no navigable. The rivers of the region belong to the basins of three rivers: Volga, Don, Dnieper. The Oka river, one of Europe's largest rivers, flows through the oblast for part of its course and the source of which is in the south of the region. Main tributaries: Zusha, Vytebet, Nugr, Tson, Orlik, Rybnitsa, Kroma. Sosna flows in the eastern part of the region. Main tributaries: Trudy, Tim, Lyubovsha, Kshen, Olym. In the west of the region originate rivers Nerussa, Navlya, Swapa. 1100 lakes and artificial reservoirs of the region cover a total area of about .
History
In the 12th century, chronicles mention Mtsensk, known as Novosil then. Then modern Orlovschina was part of the Chernigov Principality. After the death of Mikhail of Chernigov Novosil Principality was formed on these territories. By the end of the 15th century it had disintegrated into four separate principalities, along with all the other fragments of the Chernigov principality became a part of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the 16th century, the fortress town of Oryol was founded, restored destroyed in the 13th century, Livny. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the territory of modern Oryol was the borderland of the Tsardom of Russia, there are many on the strengthening of large defense line. As the reduction of the threat posed by the Tatars, agricultural activity of the area had intensified. It was created in 1937 out of three other oblasts: Kursk Oblast, Western Oblast, and Voronezh Oblast. It also included present Bryansk Oblast between 1937–1944.
Politics
During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Oryol CPSU Committee, the chairman of the oblast Soviet, and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee. Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament. The Charter of Oryol Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Oryol Oblast Council of People's Deputies is the province's standing legislative body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia. Head of Administration of the Orel region in 1993-2009 was Yegor Stroyev. Tunings led the region for more than 20 years. In 1985 he became the first secretary of the regional committee of the CPSU, and after three years, in 1991 he returned to Oryol, worked as the director of the Institute of Horticultural Crops Selection, and later was elected governor. On February 16, 2009 Russian President Dmitry Medvedev accepted the voluntary retirement Orel Governor Stroyev and nominated Alexander Kozlov to the ryl Regional Council of People's Deputies, which approved it.
Administrative divisions
3 cities under the oblast's jurisdiction
24 districts
* 13 urban-type settlements
* 223 rural settlements
Economy
The main industries in Oryol Oblast are the food and light industries, engineering and metalworking, and ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy. The engineering and metalworking industries manufacture production equipment for various industries, forklift trucks, construction and agricultural equipment, and machinery for municipal services. Numerous companies in the instrument-making and electronics sectors maintain high scientific and technical potential with the latest high-end technologies and experienced specialists. First digital telephone exchange was introduced in the oblast in 1998.
As of 2016, the population of the area was motorization level of 314 cars per 1000 people, which is the 15th of any region of Russia and above the national average. Main roads of the region:
17,468 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.
Religion
According to a 2012 survey, 40.9% of the population of Oryol Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are Orthodox Christian believers who don't belong to church or belong to non-Russian Orthodox churches, 1% are adherents of the Rodnovery movement, and 1% are Old Believers. In addition, 34% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 8% is atheist, and 9.1% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.
