Otto Schuhart


Otto Schuhart commanded the U-boat in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, a decoration awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or outstanding military leadership. Korvettenkapitän Schuhart is credited with the sinking of the aircraft carrier on 17 September 1939, the first British warship to be lost in the war. In total Schuhart claimed thirteen ships sunk on seven war patrols, for a total of of Allied merchant shipping and one warship of.
Born in Hamburg, Schuhart joined the Reichsmarine of the Weimar Republic in 1929. After a period of training on surface vessels he transferred to the U-boat force in 1936. Following the sinking of HMS Courageous the entire crew of U-29 received the Iron Cross 2nd Class while Schuhart as commander received both classes of the Iron Cross, 2nd and 1st Class. After further six war patrols, Schuhart became commander of the 1. U-Lehr Division and later of the 21st U-boat Flotilla. He spent the last months of the war at the Naval Academy at Mürwik. After World War II he worked in various civil jobs and in 1955 rejoined military service in the Bundesmarine of the Bundeswehr of the Federal Republic of Germany. He retired in 1967 and died on 10 March 1990 in Stuttgart.

Early life and pre-war service

Schuhart was born on 4 September 1909 in Hamburg, then in the German Empire. He began his naval career with the Reichsmarine on 1 April 1929 as a member of "Crew 29".. He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund. Schuhart was then transferred to the training ship Niobe, attaining the rank of Seekadett on 10 October 1929. He then underwent a training course at the Naval Academy at Mürwik before serving on the light cruisers and .
Emden at the time was under the command of Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, a U-boat commander during World War I. Schuhart sailed on Emdens third training cruise, which started on 13 January 1930 and took him and her crew to Madeira, Saint Thomas, New Orleans, Kingston/Jamaica, San Juan/Puerto Rico, Charlestown and back to Germany via Las Palmas and Santa Cruz. They returned to Wilhelmshaven on 13 May 1930. Karlsruhes first training cruise left Kiel 24 May 1930 and took its crew through the Suez Canal via the Mediterranean Sea. They then proceeded down Africa's east coast, around the Cape of Good Hope to the Angra Pequena and the Walvis Bay. The cruise continued to Lobito, Angola, where they stopped before heading to South America, from here they headed back to Germany via Vigo, Spain. They arrived back in Kiel on 12 December 1930. While stationed on Karlsruhe, he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See on 1 January 1931.
Schuhart then underwent a number of casted training courses from 5 January 1931 to 30 September 1932. These courses included a naval infantry course for cadets at Stralsund, the main cadet course at the Naval Academy in Mürwik, a torpedo course in Mürwik, an artillery course for cadets at Kiel-Wik, an anti-aircraft artillery course at Wilhelmshaven, a pathfinder course for cadets at Kiel-Wik, and lastly a communication course for cadets at Mürwik again. On 1 October 1932 Schuhart was assigned to the pre-dreadnought where he stayed until 25 September 1934. On this assignment he was promoted to Leutnant zur See on 1 October 1933. His stay was briefly interrupted by a radio communication course at Mürwik. After service as a company commander in the 3rd Naval Artillery Department at Swinemünde where he was promoted to Oberleutnant zur See on 1 June 1935, Schuhart joined Unterseebootsflottille Weddingen as an aide-de-camp on 1 October 1936. He attended another torpedo training course at Mürwik from 5 October 1937 to 31 October 1937 before being appointed company officer with the Unterseebootsflottille Emsmann and Hundius. On 12 July 1938 he served as officer of the watch on board of, based in Wilhelmshaven. In 1938 he became commander of in the U-Bootschule. In December 1938 he was given command of U-25. On 4 April 1939 Schuhart was transferred to U-29 in the Unterseebootsflottille Saltzwedel.

World War II

U-29 left Wilhelmshaven on 19 August 1939, 12 days before the German Invasion of Poland which marked the beginning of World War II in Europe. Oberleutnant zur See Georg Lassen, who had joined U-29 four days earlier, was Schuhart's I. Wachoffizier on all of his seven war patrols. U-29 headed for sea at 8:00 together with , , , , , , and . The last five U-boats belonged to the Unterseebootsflottille Hundius. Schuhart's orders were to patrol the sea west of Ireland. The approach was largely uneventful and was made mostly submerged up to the Faroe Islands due the numerous fishing trawlers in the North Sea. U-29 reached its patrol area on 28 August where it stopped.
Right after the outbreak of World War II, on 17 September 1939, Schuhart encountered the British carrier HMS Courageous. After stalking her for two hours, Schuhart saw his opportunity when Courageous turned into the wind to launch her aircraft. This manoeuvre put the ship right across the bow of the U-29, which then fired three torpedoes. Two of the torpedoes struck the ship on her port side, and she capsized and sank in 15 minutes with the loss of 518 of her crew, including her captain. During the war Schuhart sank twelve ships on nine patrols, for a total of 67,277 tons of Allied merchant shipping. After transferring back to land, Schuhart became commander of 1. U-Lehr Division and later of 21st U-boat Flotilla in Pillau. From 1944-1945 he was commander of I./Marineschule Flensburg-Mürwik. After the German capitulation he commanded a marine battalion until August 1945. Until December 1945 he served in the German mine clearing service.

Personal and later life

Schuhart married Irmgard Wellner, the widow of his Crew 29 comrade Kapitänleutnant Horst Wellner, commander of. The marriage produced two children. Wellner and the entire crew of U-16 had been killed in action on 25 October 1939; the submersible had been sunk by and.
Following Schuhart's release from military service he worked at a factory in Satrup from January to July 1946. He then underwent training at the Gothaer fire insurance company in Hamburg until July 1947. From August 1947 to September 1948 he worked for a transportation firm in Hamburg before working for the childcare of the Evangelical Relief Fund. He was head of the vocational education department of the H. C. Stülcken Sohn shipbuilding company located in Hamburg from April 1951 until 30 November 1955. On 3 December 1955 Schuhart entered the Bundeswehr where he served in various land based capacities. Upon his retirement on 30 September 1967, he received the Bundesverdienstkreuz I class.

Summary of career

Ships attacked

As commander of Schuhart is credited with the sinking of 12 ships for a total of and one warship, the, of.

DateName of ShipNationalityTonnageFate
8 September 1939Regent Tiger10,176Sunk at
13 September 1939Neptunia798Sunk at
14 September 1939British Influence8,431Sunk at
17 September 193922,500Sunk at
3 March 1940Cato710Sunk at
4 March 1940Pacific Reliance6,717Sunk at
4 March 1940Thurston3,072Sunk at
16 March 1940Slava4,512Sunk at
26 June 1940Dimitris5,254Sunk at
1 July 1940Adamastos7,466Sunk at
2 July 1940Athellaird8,999Sunk at
2 July 1940Santa Margarita4,919Sunk at
25 September 1940Eurymedon6,223Sunk at

Awards

Translation notes

Citations