Ottoman–Persian Wars
The Ottoman–Persian Wars or Ottoman–Iranian Wars were a series a wars between Ottoman Empire and the Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar dynasties of Iran through the 16th–19th centuries. The Ottomans consolidated their control of what is today Turkey in the 15th century, and gradually came into conflict with the emerging neighboring Iranian state, led by Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty. The two states were arch rivals, and were also divided by religious grounds, the Ottomans being staunchly Sunni and the Safavids being Shia. A series of military conflicts ensued for centuries during which the two empires competed for control over eastern Anatolia, the Caucasus, and Iraq.
| Name of the war | Ottoman sultan | Persian shah | Treaty at the end of the war | Victor |
| Battle of Chaldiran | Selim I | Ismail I | - | The Ottoman Empire |
| Battle of Koçhisar | Selim I | Ismail I | - | The Ottoman Empire |
| War of 1532–1555 | Suleiman I | Tahmasp I | Treaty of Amasya | The Ottoman Empire |
| War of 1578–1590 | Murad III | Mohammad Khodabanda, Abbas I | Treaty of Constantinople | The Ottoman Empire |
| War of 1603–1618, first stage Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns | Ahmed I | Abbas I | Treaty of Nasuh Pasha | The Persian Empire |
| War of 1603–1618, second stage | Ahmed I, Mustafa I, Osman II | Abbas I | Treaty of Serav | The Persian Empire |
| War of 1623–1639 | Murad IV | Abbas I, Safi | Treaty of Zuhab | The Ottoman Empire |
| War of 1730–1735, first stage Tahmasp's campaign of 1731 | Ahmed III, Mahmud I | Tahmasp II | Treaty of Ahmet Pasha | The Ottoman Empire |
| War of 1730–1736, second stage | Mahmud I | Abbas III, Nader Shah | Treaty of Constantinople | The Persian Empire |
| War of 1743–1746 | Mahmud I | Nader Shah | Treaty of Kerden | Persian Victory |
| War of 1775–1776 | Abdulhamid I | Karim Khan Zand | - | Basra captured by Persia, retaken by Ottomans three years later. |
| War of 1821–1823 | Mahmud II | Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar | Treaty of Erzurum | The Persian Empire |
Among the numerous treaties, the Treaty of Zuhab of 1639 is usually considered as the most important one, as it fixed present Turkey–Iran and Iraq–Iran borders. In later treaties, there were frequent references to the Treaty of Zuhab.