Outline of bicycles
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to bicycles:
Bicycle - pedal-driven, human-powered, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A person who rides a bicycle is called a cyclist or a bicyclist, and the activity is called cycling. Also known as a bike, push bike or cycle.
What ''type'' of thing is a bicycle?
Bicycles can be described as all of the following:- a component of transport
- * a component of a mode of transport
- ** a component of road transport
- *** a type of vehicle
- ** Human-powered transport
Types of bicycles
- 29er hybrid bike
- Art bike
- * Clown bicycle
- * Dekochari
- * Tall bike
- Autobike
- Balance bicycle
- Bamboo bicycle
- Beach cruiser
- Belt-driven bicycle
- Bicycle trailer
- Big Wheel
- Billboard bicycle
- BMX bike
- Boda-boda
- Cardboard bicycle
- Chainless bicycle
- Chopper bicycle
- * Raleigh Chopper
- Chukudu
- City bike
- Clown bicycle
- Conference Bike
- Cruiser bicycle
- Cycle rickshaw
- Cyclo-cross bicycle
- Dekochari
- Dicycle
- Electric bicycle
- European city bike
- Faired bicycle
- Fatbike
- Flat bar road bike
- Folding bicycle
- * Birdy
- Freight bicycle
- Gearbox bicycle
- Handcycle
- Hybrid bicycle
- :Category:Hydrogen bicycle|Hydrogen bicycle
- Ice cycle
- Infantry bicycle
- Islamic bicycle
- Longtail bicycle
- Lowrider bicycle
- Military bicycle
- * Swedish military bicycle
- * Swiss army bicycle
- Monowheel
- Motorized bicycle
- * Derny
- * VéloSoleX
- Mountain bike
- * Mountain bike with 26 inch wheel
- * 27.5 Mountain bike
- * 29er
- * Downhill bike
- Party Bike
- Path Racer
- Penny-farthing
- Police bicycle
- Portable bicycle
- Porteur bicycle
- Prone bicycle
- Racing bicycle
- Railbike
- Randonneur
- Recumbent bicycle
- * Whike
- Road bicycle
- Roadster bicycle
- Rowing cycle
- Scraper bike
- Shaft-driven bicycle
- Sideways bike
- Single-speed bicycle
- * Fixed-gear bicycle
- Small wheel bicycle
- Stationary bicycle
- Swing Bike
- Tall bike
- Tandem bicycle
- * Sociable
- Time trial bicycle
- Touring bicycle
- Track bicycle
- Trailer bike
- Treadle bicycle
- Triathlon bicycle
- Utility cycling
- Velocipede
- * Dandy horse
- Velomobile
- Wheelie bike
- Wooden bicycle
- Workbike
- Xtracycle
History of bicycles
- bicycle craze
Key developments
- draisine, dandy horse, or Laufmaschine
- boneshaker
- velocipede
- Penny-farthing, high wheel, high wheeler, or ordinary
- safety bicycle
People
Early developers
- Karl von Drais
- Thomas Humber
- Pierre Lallement
- Thomas McCall
- John McCammon
- Eugène Meyer
- Pierre Michaux
- Mikael Pedersen
- Albert Augustus Pope
- John Kemp Starley
Other developers
- Al Fritz
Mountain bike developers
- Gary Fisher
- Charlie Kelly
- Joe Breeze
- Keith Bontrager
Other notable cyclists
- Lenz, Frank
- Murphy, Charles Minthorn, also known as Mile-a-Minute Murphy
- Taylor, Marshall Walter, also known as Major Taylor
Racing authors
- Eddie Borysewicz
- Greg LeMond
- Joe Parkin
- Davis Phinney
- Bob Roll
- Connie Carpenter
- Lance Armstrong
Other authors
- Brown, Sheldon
- Forester, John
- Byrne, David
- Herlihy, David V.
Organizations
- Adventure Cycling Association
- Cycling club
- American Bicycling Education Association
- International Cycling History Conference
- International Mountain Bicycling Association
- League of American Bicyclists
- Mountain Bike Hall of Fame
- National Off-Road Bicycle Association
- Union Cycliste Internationale
- USA Cycling
- World Human Powered Vehicle Association
Technical aspects
Uses
Bicycles have been and are employed for many uses:- Cycling – use of bicycles for transport, recreation, or for sport.
- *Transport: bicycle-sharing system
- *Utility: bicycle commuting and utility cycling
- *Work: mail delivery, paramedics, police, couriering, and general delivery.
- *Recreation: bicycle touring, mountain biking, BMX and physical fitness.
- *Racing: track racing, criterium, roller racing and time trial to multi-stage events like the Tour of California, Giro d'Italia, the Tour de France, the Vuelta a España, the Volta a Portugal, among others.
- *Military: scouting, troop movement, supply of provisions, and patrol. See bicycle infantry.
- Show: entertainment and performance, e.g. circus clowns. Used as instrument by Frank Zappa.
Types of bicycles
Unicycles, tricycles and quadracycles are not strictly bicycles, as they have respectively one, three and four wheels, but are often referred to informally as "bikes".
Dynamics
- countersteering
- stoppie
- Two-mass-skate bicycle
- wheelie
Performance
- cadence
- Cycling records
- Hour record
Geometry
- Q factor
Construction and parts
For details on specific bicycle parts, see list of bicycle parts and :category:bicycle parts.
Frame
- The great majority of today's bicycles have a frame with upright seating which looks much like the first chain-driven bike.By design:
- folding bicycle
- portable bicycle
- recumbent bicycle
- step-through frame
- sociable
- tandem bicycle
- bamboo bicycle
- cardboard bicycle
- plastic bicycle
- wooden bicycle
- Humber Cycles
- Pedersen bicycle
- Zipp 2001
Suspension
- Bicycle suspension
Drivetrain and gearing
- Bicycle drivetrain systems
- Bicycle gearing
Power collection
- bottom bracket
- cranks
- pedals
- treadle
Power transmission
- chain
- chainline
- shaft drive
- belt-driven bicycle
Power modification
- bicycle gearing
- * gear inches
- derailleur gears
- electronic gear-shifting system
- gearbox bicycle
- hub gear
- shifter
- single-speed bicycle
Power application
- cassette
- freewheel
Steering and seating
- handlebars
- fork
- * fork tube
- stem
- headset
- recumbent steering
- Bicycle saddle
- Bicycle seat
Brakes
- Bicycle brake
Wheels and tires
- Bicycle wheel
- *wheelset
- Bicycle tire
- *slick tire
- *knobby tire
- *tubular tire
- *tubes
- *Valve stem
Tracks
- Hotchkiss Bicycle Railroad
- Shweeb
- Trampe bicycle lift
Bicycle accessories
- Bicycle basket
- Bicycle bell
- Bicycle helmet
- Bicycle lighting and bicycle reflector
- Bicycle pump and CO2 inflator
- Bicycle rollers
- Bicycle tools
- Bicycle trailer
- Bicycle trainer
- Bike lock
- Bottle cages and water bottles
- Chainguard
- Child seats
- Clipless pedals
- Cycling power meter
- Cyclocomputer and cycling power meter
- Kick stand
- Luggage carrier
- Mudguard or fender
- Panniers
- Saddlebag
- Sidecar
- Tire lever
- Toe-clips and toestraps
- Training wheels
Bicycle tools
- Bicycle pump
- Chain tool
- Chain whip
- Cone wrench
- Hex key
- Peanut butter wrench
- Spoke wrench
- Tire lever
- Wheel truing stand
Standards
The International Organization for Standardization, ISO, has a special technical committee for cycles, TC149, that has the following scope: "Standardization in the field of cycles, their components and accessories with particular reference to terminology, testing methods and requirements for performance and safety, and interchangeability."
CEN, European Committee for Standardisation, also has a specific Technical Committee, TC333, that defines European standards for cycles. Their mandate states that EN cycle standards shall harmonize with ISO standards. Some CEN cycle standards were developed before ISO published their standards, leading to strong European influences in this area. European cycle standards tend to describe minimum safety requirements, while ISO standards have historically harmonized parts geometry. The TC149 ISO bicycle committee, including the TC149/SC1 subcommittee, has published the following standards:
- ISO 4210 Cycles—Safety requirements for bicycles
- ISO 6692 Cycles—Marking of cycle components
- ISO 6695 Cycles—Pedal axle and crank assembly with square end fitting—Assembly dimensions
- ISO 6696 Cycles—Screw threads used in bottom bracket assemblies
- ISO 6697 Cycles—Hubs and freewheels—Assembly dimensions
- ISO 6698 Cycles—Screw threads used to assemble freewheels on bicycle hubs
- ISO 6699 Cycles—Stem and handlebar bend—Assembly dimensions
- ISO 6701 Cycles—External dimensions of spoke nipples
- ISO 6742 Cycles—Lighting and retro-reflective devices—Photometric and physical requirements
- ISO 8090 Cycles—Terminology
- ISO 8098 Cycles—Safety requirements for bicycles for young children
- ISO 8488 Cycles—Screw threads used to assemble head fittings on bicycle forks
- ISO 8562 Cycles—Stem wedge angle
- ISO 10230 Cycles—Splined hub and sprocket—Mating dimensions
- ISO 11243 Cycles—Luggage carriers for bicycles—Concepts, classification and testing
- ISO 5775 Bicycle tire and rim designations
- ISO 9633 Cycle chains—Characteristics and test methods
- EN 14764 City and trekking bicycles – Safety requirements and test methods
- EN 14765 Bicycles for young children – Safety requirements and test methods
- EN 14766 Mountain-bicycles – Safety requirements and test methods
- EN 14781 Racing bicycles – Safety requirements and test methods
- EN 14872 Bicycles – Accessories for bicycles – Luggage carriers
- EN 15496 Cycles – Requirements and test methods for cycle locks
- EN 15194 Cycles—Electrically power assisted cycles
- EN 15532 Cycles—Terminology
- 00333011 Cycles – Bicycles trailers – safety requirements and test methods
Social and historical aspects
- List of films about bicycles and cycling
Economic implications
- Bicycle industry
- World Bicycle Relief
- Mass production
- Planned obsolescence
- List of bicycle manufacturing companies
In daily life
- Bicycle commuting
- community bicycle programs
- Trampe bicycle lift
In poverty reduction
- Baisikeli Ugunduzi
- Bamboo Bike Project
- Bikes Not Bombs
- Bikes to Rwanda
- BikeTown Africa
- Pedaling to Freedom
- With My Own Two Wheels
- World Bicycle Relief
- Working Bikes
Legal requirements