Outline of obstetrics

What is obstetrics?

• Medicine - medicine is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness in human beings.
• * Medical specialty - branch of medical science. After completing medical school, physicians or surgeons usually further their medical education in a specific specialty of medicine by completing a multiple year residency to become a medical specialist.
• Academic discipline - In addition to being a medical specialty, obstetrics is the study of the reproductive process within the female body, including fertilization, pregnancy and childbirth.

  History of obstetrics

• Childbirth and obstetrics in antiquity

  Obstetrical History

• Gravidity
• Parity
• Gravida/para/abortus
• TPAL

  Pregnancy and childbirth

• Pregnancy
• Childbirth

  Family planning

• Family planning
• * Birth control
• ** Contraception
• * Pre-conception counseling

  Female reproductive anatomy

• Amniotic fluid
• Amniotic sac
• * Amnion
• Cervix
• Endometrium
• Fallopian tube
• Ovaries
• Pelvis
• * Pelvic bone width
• Placenta
• Uterus - Also called a womb.
• Vagina

  Conception

• Human fertilization
• * Assisted reproductive technology
• ** Artificial insemination
• ** Fertility medication
• ** In vitro fertilisation
• * Fertility awareness
• * Unintended pregnancy

  Testing

• Pregnancy test
• 3D ultrasound
• Home testing
• Obstetric ultrasonography
• Prenatal testing

  Prenatal stage

Prenatal development

• Prenatal development
• * Fundal height
• * Gestational age
• * Human embryogenesis
• * Maternal physiological changes

  Prenatal care

• Prenatal care - regular medical and nursing care recommended for women during pregnancy. Also known as antenatal care.
• * Prenatal nutrition
• ** Maternal nutrition
• ** Nutrition and pregnancy
• * Concomitant conditions
• ** Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy
• ** Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy

  Prenatal monitoring

• Amniocentesis
• Chorionic villus sampling
• Cardiotocography
• Nonstress test

  Childbirth

• Childbirth

  Preparation for childbirth

• Adaptation to extrauterine life
• Bradley method of natural childbirth
• Hypnobirthing
• Lamaze technique
• Nesting instinct

  Roles during childbirth

• Doula
• Midwife
• Mother - a woman who has raised a child, given birth to a child, and/or supplied the ovum that united with a sperm which grew into a child. During childbirth, she is the patient.
• Perinatal nursing
• Men's role in childbirth
• Obstetrician

  Delivery

• Pelvimetry
• * Bishop score
• * Cervical dilation
• * Cervical effacement
• * Position
• Home birth
• * Multiple birth
• * Natural childbirth
• * Unassisted childbirth
• * Water birth
• Aspects and conditions
• * Bloody show
• * Childbirth positions
• * Contraction
• * Presentation
• ** Breech birth
• ** Cephalic presentation
• ** Shoulder presentation
• ** Rupture of membranes

  Postpartum issues

• Postpartum
• * Child care
• ** Breastfeeding
• * Congenital disorders
• * Sex after pregnancy

  Complications of pregnancy and childbirth

• Complications of pregnancy
• * abortion
• * abruption
• * breech birth
• * cephalo-pelvic disproportion
• * caesarean section, cesarean section, C-section
• * dermatoses of pregnancy specific skin conditions during pregnancy
• * diabetes
• * eclampsia
• * ectopic pregnancy
• * gestational diabetes
• * Group B Streptococcus infection
• * HELLP syndrome
• * hypertension
• * hysterectomy
• * Intrauterine Growth Restriction
• * macrosomia
• * malpractice
• * miscarriage or stillbirth
• * obstetric fistula
• * obstetric hemorrhage
• * Pelvic girdle pain
• * placenta praevia
• * pre-eclampsia
• * premature birth, preterm labor or prematurity
• * small for gestational age
• * uterine rupture
• * uterine incarceration

  Obstetrics organizations

• American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists
• American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
• British Pregnancy Advisory Service
• British Society of Urogynaecologists
• European Society of Gynaecological Oncology
• FOGSI
• Gynecologic Oncology Group
• Ipas
• Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Pakistan
• Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
• World Endometriosis Research Foundation

  Obstetrics publications

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
• African Journal of Reproductive Health
• American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Climacteric
• The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care
• Gynecological Endocrinology
• Human Fertility
• Human Reproduction
• Hypertension in Pregnancy
• International Journal of Fertility
• Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
• Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
• Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
• Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology
• Menopause
• Obstetrics & Gynecology
• Placenta
• Reproduction
• Reproductive Sciences
• Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine
• Women & Health

  Persons influential in obstetrics

• Edward Kowalski