P. F. Strawson
Sir Peter Frederick Strawson , usually cited as P. F. Strawson, was an English philosopher. He was the Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy at the University of Oxford from 1968 to 1987. Before that, he was appointed as a college lecturer at University College, Oxford, in 1947, and became a tutorial fellow the following year, until 1968. On his retirement in 1987, he returned to the college and continued working there until shortly before his death. His portrait was painted by the artists Muli Tang and Daphne Todd.
When he died, the obituary in The Guardian noted that "Oxford was the world capital of philosophy between 1950 and 1970, and American academics flocked there, rather than the traffic going the other way. That golden age had no greater philosopher than Sir Peter Strawson."
Early years
Strawson was born in Ealing, west London, and brought up in Finchley, north London, by his parents, both of whom were teachers. He was educated at Christ's College, Finchley, followed by St John's College, Oxford, where he read Philosophy, Politics and Economics.Philosophical work
Strawson first became well known with his article "On Referring", a criticism of Bertrand Russell's theory of descriptions that Russell explained in the famous "On Denoting" article.In philosophical methodology, there are two important and interrelated features of Strawson's work that are worthy of note. The first is the project of a 'descriptive' metaphysics, and the second is his notion of a shared conceptual scheme, composed of concepts operated in everyday life. In his book Individuals, Strawson attempts to give a description of various concepts that form an interconnected web, representing our common, shared, human conceptual scheme. In particular, he examines our conceptions of basic particulars, and how they are variously brought under general spatio-temporal concepts. What makes this a metaphysical project is that it exhibits, in fine detail, the structural features of our thought about the world, and thus precisely delimits how we, humans, think about reality.
Strawson was made a Fellow of the British Academy in 1960 and Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1971. He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1969 to 1970. He was knighted, in 1977, for services to philosophy.
Personal life
After serving as a captain in the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers during World War II, Strawson married Ann Martin in 1945. They had four children, including the philosopher Galen Strawson. P.F. Strawson lived in Oxford all his adult life and died in hospital on 13 February 2006 after a short illness. He was elder brother to Major General John Strawson.Partial bibliography
Books
- . London: Methuen, 1952.
- Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics. London: Methuen, 1959.
- * German translation by F. Scholz
- * French translation by A. Shalom and P. Drong
- * Italian translation by E. Bencivenga
- * Japanese translation by N. Nakamura
- * Polish translation by B. Chwedenczuk
- * Spanish translation by A. Suarez and L. Villanueva
- The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. London: Methuen, 1966.
- * Spanish translation by C. Luis Andre
- * German translation by E. Lange
- * Italian translation by M. Palumbo
- * Japanese translation, 1987
- Logico-Linguistic Papers. London: Methuen, 1971
- Freedom and Resentment and other Essays. London: Methuen, 1974
- Subject and Predicate in Logic and Grammar. London: Methuen, 1974
- Skepticism and Naturalism: Some Varieties. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.
- Analysis and Metaphysics: An Introduction to Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
- Entity and Identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
- Philosophical Writings. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Articles
- "Necessary Propositions and Entailment Statements"
- "Truth"
- "Ethical Intuitionism"
- "Truth"
- "On Referring"
- "Particular and General"
- "A Logician's Landscape"
- "Construction and Analysis" in A.J. Ayer et al., The Revolution in Philosophy. London: Macmillan, 1956
- "Singular Terms, Ontology and Identity"
- "" with H. P. Grice
- "Logical Subjects and Physical Objects"
- "Propositions, Concepts and Logical Truths"
- "Proper Names"
- "On Justifying Induction"
- "The Post-Linguistic Thaw"
- ""
- "Singular Terms and Predication"
- "Perception and Identification"
- "Carnap's Views on Constructed Systems v. Natural Languages in Analytical Philosophy" in The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap, ed. P.A. Schlipp
- " A Problem about Truth: A reply to Mr. Warnock" in Truth, ed. G. Pitcher, Englewood Cliffs
- "Truth: A Reconsideration of Austin's Views"
- "Self, Mind and Body"
- "Is Existence Never A Predicate"
- "Bennett on Kant's Analytic"
- "Meaning and Truth"
- "Imagination and Perception" in Experience and Theory, ed. L. Foster and J.W. Swanson
- "Categories" in Ryle: A Collection of Critical essays, ed. O.P. Wood and G. Pitcher,
- "The Asymmetry of Subjects and Predicates" in Language, Belief and Metaphysics, ed. H.E. Kiefer and M.K. Munitz
- "Self-Reference, Contradiction and Content-Parasitic Predicates"
- "Different Conceptions of Analytical Philosophy"
- "Austin and 'Locutionary Meaning'" in Essays on J.L. Austin, ed. I Berlin
- "On Understanding the Structure of One's Language" in Freedom and Resentment and Other Essays
- "Positions for Quantifiers" in semantics and Philosophy, ed. M.K. Munitz and P.K. Unger
- "Does Knowledge Have Foundations?"
- "Semantics, Logic and Ontology"
- "Knowledge and Truth"
- "Entity and Identity" in Contemporary British Philosophy Fourth Series, ed. H.D. Lewis
- "Scruton and Wright on Anti-Realism"
- "May Bes and Might Have Beens" in Meaning and Use, ed. A. Margalit
- "Perception and its Objects" in Perception and Identity: Essays Presented to A.J. Ayer, ed. G.F. Macdonald
- "Universals"
- "Belief, Reference and Quantification"
- "P.F. Strawson Replies" in Philosophical Subjects Presented to P.F. Strawson, ed. Zak Van Straaten
- "Comments and Reples"
- "Logical Form and Logical Constants" in Logical Form, Predication and Ontology, ed. P.K. Sen
- "Liberty and Necessity" in Spinoza, His Thought & Work, ed. Nathan Rotenstreich and Norma Schneider
- "Causation and Explanation" in Essays on Davidson, ed. Bruce Vermazen and J. Hintikka
- "Direct Singular Reference: Intended Reference and Actual Reference" in Wo steht die Analytische Philosophie Heute?, 1986
- "Reference and its Roots" in The Philosophy of W.V. Quine. ed L.E. Hahn and P.A. Schlipp
- "Kant's Paralogisms: Self Consciousness and the 'Outside Obsrver'" in Theorie der Subjektivität, ed. K. Cramer, F. Fulda, R.-P. Hortsmann, U. Poshast
- "Concepts and Properties, or Predication and Copulation"
- "Kant's New Foundations of Metaphysics" in Metaphysik nach Kant, ed. Dieter Henrich and R.-P. Horstmann
- "Ma Philosophie: son développement, son thème central et sa nature générale"
- "Sensibility, Understanding and the Doctrine of Synthesis: Comments on D. Henrich and P. Guyer" in Kant's Transcendental Deductions, ed. E. Forster
- "Two Conceptions of Philosophy" in Perspectives on Quine, ed. Robert Barrett and Roger Gibson
- "The Incoherence of Empiricism"
- "Comments on Some Aspects of Peter Unger's Identity, Consciousness and Value
- "Echoes of Kant"
- "Replies" in Ensayos sobre Strawson, ed. Carlos E. Carosi
- "Knowing From Words" in Knowing From Words, ed. B. K. Matilal and A. Chakrabati
- "My Philosophy" and "Replies" to critics in The Philosophy of P.F. Strawson, ed. P.K. Sen and R.K. Verma
- "Individuals" in Philosophical Problems Today, Vol. 1, ed. G. Floistad
- "The Problem of Realism and the A Priori" in Kant and Contemporary Epistemology, ed. Paolo Parrini
- "Introduction", "Kant on Substance" and "Meaning and Context" in Entity and Identity