Pakudha Kaccayana
was an Indian teacher who lived around the 6th century BCE, contemporaneous with Mahavira and the Buddha.
According to Pakudha, there are seven eternal "elements": Earth, Water, Fire, Air, Joy, Sorrow and Life. Pakudha further asserted that these elements do not interact with one another.
The Samannaphala Sutta represents Pakudha's views as follows:
In the Brahmajala Sutta, theories such as Pakudha's are labeled as "Atomic theory" and "eternalism".
Empedocles is known as Pakudha Kaccayana of Greece.
