A pard is a legendary animal that is listed in Medieval bestiaries and in Pliny the Elder's book Natural History. Over the years, there have been many different depictions of the creature including some adaptations with and without manes and some in later years with shorter tails. However, one consistent representation shows them as large felines often with spots.
History
The earliest known reference to this creature appears in Pliny the Elder's book Natural History. In it, Pliny writes about the creation of leopards which were believed to be a hybrid animal resulting from the union between a promiscuous lioness and the mythicalpard. In fact, the word "leopard" comes from the combination of the word "leo" and "pard." The pard itself is described as being maneless like the female lion with a distinct odor. Pliny also states that the sexual passion between the pard and lioness is so violent that it enrages the male lion, who will often seek revenge on a lioness when smelling the pard. Because of this, the lioness will wash the pard's scent from her or follow the pride at a distance after mating. By the medieval era, pards were commonplace in books and artwork where various depictions of them are shown. In the seventh-century book Etymologies, Isidore of Seville describes their coat as being mottled like a giraffe's. He goes on to describe them as being "headlong for blood" by being capable of killing their prey in a single leap. The author references Pliny the Elder's work by reaffirming that pards were the sires of leopards from lionesses. It wasn't until the 13th century that pards acquired their reputation for being blood-thirsty and almost demonic creatures, primarily thanks to the MS Bodley 764 Bestiary. In this, their spots were said to symbolize sins, the devil, or even the variety of vices in mankind. It even claims that the Antichrist comes in the form of a pard. Despite the mention of their spots, in this bestiary pards are often illustrated without spots. Instead, they're colored and maned like a lion with a human-like, grinning face.
Yet, Ironically, in the same century, different writers of the Aberdeen Bestiary oppositely describe the pard as a beautiful and gentle creature whose only enemy is the dragon. It's said to sleep for three days after filling its stomach and arise, carrying with it a sweet scent from its mouth which attracts all animals except the dragon. It's roar is said to terrify the dragon into fleeing to its den. In this bestiary, the creature is said to symbolize Jesus Christ who opposes the devil. It also features the most accurate illustrations of it, depicting a creature with dark fur, spots, and no mane. By the 14th century, they are characterized again as a real animal. The Byzantine poem "An Entertaining Tale of Quadrupeds," describes pards as being resistant to fleas--and thus good for using their pelts as bedspreads. Their tails are noted as being "comically" short like a lynx's and that the creature often lives in quarries. Finally, by the 1700s, despite centuries of confusion, scientists understood leopards to be their own, independent breed of big cat and not the offspring of pards. Since then, it's become widely believed that "pards" were actually early depictions of male panthers. "Pard" was just an early word for them. Interbreeding with lionesses was an erroneous myth.
"Then a soldier, Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard, Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel..." --From: As You Like It by William Shakespeare "..not charioted by Bacchus and his pards." --From: "Ode to a Nightingale" by John Keats
