Parthian shot


The Parthian shot is a light horse military tactic made famous in the West by the Parthians, an ancient Iranian people. While in real or feigned retreat their horse archers would turn their bodies back in full gallop to shoot at the pursuing enemy. The maneuver required superb equestrian skills, since the rider's hands were occupied by his composite bow. As the stirrup had not been invented at the time of the Parthians, the rider relied solely on pressure from his legs to guide his horse.

History

In addition to the Parthians and their successors, the Sasanians, this tactic was used by most nomads of the Eurasian steppe, including the Scythians, Huns, Turks, Magyars, Mongols, Amazoness, Koreans as well as the Urartians.
The Parthians used the tactic to great effect in their victory over the Roman general Crassus in the Battle of Carrhae.
A tactic similar to the Parthian shot was attributed to the Phoenicians from Sidon by Silius Italicus.
The tactic was also used by Muslim conqueror Muhammad of Ghor in the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 against Indian elephants and heavy infantry, by Alp Arslan in the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 against the Byzantines, and by Subutai in the Battle of Legnica in 1241 against Polish knights.

As metaphor

The term "Parthian shot" is also used as a metaphor to describe a barbed insult, delivered as the speaker departs.
In modern English this phrase has widely been corrupted to 'parting shot', with the same meaning.