Pay-per-view


Pay-per-view is a type of pay television or webcast service by which a viewer can purchase events to view via private telecast. The broadcaster shows the event at the same time to everyone ordering it.
Events can be purchased through a multichannel television platform using their electronic program guide, an automated telephone system, or through a live customer service representative. There has been an increasing number of pay-per-views distributed via streaming video online, either alongside or in lieu of carriage through television providers. In 2012, the popular video sharing service YouTube began to allow partners to host live PPV events on the platform.
Events distributed through PPV typically include combat sports events such as boxing and mixed martial arts, sports entertainment such as professional wrestling, and concerts. In the past, PPV was often used to distribute telecasts of feature films, as well as adult content such as pornographic films, but the growth of digital cable and streaming media caused these use cases to be subsumed by video on demand systems instead, leaving PPV to focus primarily on live event programs.

History

The earliest form of pay-per-view was closed-circuit television, also known as theatre television, where professional boxing telecasts were broadcast live to a select a number of venues, mostly theaters, where viewers paid for tickets to watch the fight live. The first fight with a closed-circuit telecast was Joe Louis vs. Jersey Joe Walcott in 1948. Closed-circuit telecasts peaked in popularity with Muhammad Ali in the 1960s and 1970s, with "The Rumble in the Jungle" fight drawing 50million buys worldwide in 1974, and the "Thrilla in Manila" drawing 100million buys worldwide in 1975. Closed-circuit television was gradually replaced by pay-per-view home television in the 1980s and 1990s.

United States

The Zenith Phonevision system became the first home pay-per-view system to be tested in the United States. Developed in 1951, it used telephone lines to take and receive orders, as well as to descramble a television broadcast signal. The field tests conducted for Phonevision lasted for 90 days and were tested in Chicago, Illinois. The system used IBM punch cards to descramble a signal broadcast during the broadcast station's "off-time". Both systems showed promise, but the Federal Communications Commission denied them the permits to operate.
One of the earliest pay-per-view systems on cable television, the Optical Systems-developed Channel 100, first began service in 1972 in San Diego, California through Mission Cable and TheaterVisioN, which operated out of Sarasota, Florida. These early systems quickly went out of business, as the cable industry adopted satellite technology and as flat-rate pay television services such as Home Box Office became popular.
While most pay-per-view services were delivered via cable, there were a few over-the-air pay TV stations that offered pay-per-view broadcasts in addition to regularly scheduled broadcasts of movies and other entertainment. These stations, which operated for a few years in Chicago, Los Angeles and some other cities, broadcast "scrambled" signals that required descrambler devices to convert the signal into standard broadcast format. These services were marketed as ON-TV.

Professional boxing during 1960s1970s

The first home pay-per-view cable television broadcast was the Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson rematch in 1960, when 25,000 TelePrompTer subscribers mailed $2 to watch Patterson regain the heavyweight title. The third PattersonJohansson match in 1961 was later viewed by 100,000 paid cable subscribers. Muhammad Ali had several fights on early pay-per-view home television, including Cassius Clay vs. Doug Jones in 1963, and Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston which drew 250,000 buys on cable television in 1964.
Professional boxing was largely introduced to pay-per-view cable television with the "Thrilla in Manila" fight between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier in September 1975. The fight sold 500,000 pay-per-view buys on HBO. There was also another major title fight aired on pay-per-view in 1980, when Roberto Durán defeated Sugar Ray Leonard. Cable companies offered the match for $10, and about 155,000 customers paid to watch the fight.

1980s2000s

A major pay-per-view event occurred on September 16, 1981, when Sugar Ray Leonard fought Thomas "Hitman" Hearns for the World Welterweight Championship. Viacom Cablevision in Nashville, Tennessee – the first system to offer the event – saw over 50 percent of its subscriber base purchase the fight. Leonard visited Nashville to promote the fight, and the event proved such a success that Viacom themed its annual report for that year around it. Viacom marketing director Pat Thompson put together the fight, and subsequently put together additional PPV fights, wrestling matches, and even a televised Broadway play.
After leaving Viacom, Thompson became head of Sports View and produced the first pay-per-view football game on October 16, 1983: a college football game between the University of Tennessee and the University of Alabama from Birmingham, Alabama. Sports View played a role in building pay-per-view networks, and became the early pioneer in developing TigerVision for Louisiana State University, TideVision for Alabama and UT Vol Seat for Tennessee. Sports View also produced the Ohio State-Michigan football game for pay-per-view in November 1983.
In 1985, the first pay-per-view cable channels in the United States – Viewer's Choice, Cable Video Store, First Choice and Request TV – began operation within days of each other. Viewer's Choice serviced both home satellite dish and cable customers, while Request TV, though broadcasting to cable viewers, would not become available to satellite subscribers until the 1990s. First Choice PPV was available on Rogers Cablesystems in the United States and Canada. After Paragon Cable acquired the Rogers Cablesystems franchise in San Antonio, Texas, First Choice continued to be carried until Time Warner Cable bought Paragon in 1996. In the United States, pay-per-view broadcasters transmit without advertisements, similar to conventional flat-rate pay television services.
The term "pay-per-view" did not come into general use until the late 1980s when companies such as Viewer's Choice, HBO and Showtime started using the system to show movies and some of their productions. Viewer's Choice carried movies, concerts and other events, with live sporting events such as WrestleMania being the most predominant programming. Prices ranged from $3.99 to $49.99, while HBO and Showtime, with their event production legs TVKO and SET Pay Per View, would offer championship boxing matches ranging from $14.99 to $54.99.
ESPN later began to broadcast college football and basketball games on pay-per-view through its services ESPN GamePlan and ESPN Full Court, which were eventually sold as full-time out-of-market sports packages. The boxing undercard Latin Fury, shown on June 28, 2003, became ESPN's first boxing card on pay-per-view and also the first pay-per-view boxing card held in Puerto Rico. Pay-per-view has provided a revenue stream for professional wrestling circuits such as WWE, Impact Wrestling, All Elite Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling, Ring of Honor and Lucha Libre AAA World Wide.
WWE chairman and chief executive officer Vince McMahon is considered by many as one of the icons of pay-per-view promotion. McMahon owns the domain name payperview.com, which redirects to the WWE Network website.
With the rise of direct broadcast satellite services in the 1990s, this meant more services exclusively for DBS users appeared. DirecTV had Direct Ticket, while Dish Network had Dish On Demand. PrimeStar, on the other hand, utilized pre-existing services like Viewer's Choice and Request TV, though promotional material bannered all PPV services under the name of PrimeCinema.

HBO PPV (professional boxing)

In 2006, HBO generated 3.7 million pay-per-view buys with $177 million in gross sales. The only year with more buys previously, 1999, had a total of 4 million. The former record fell in 2007 when HBO sold 4.8 million PPV buys with $255 million in sales. In 2014, HBO generated 59.3 million buys and $3.1 billion in revenue since its 1991 debut with Evander Holyfield-George Foreman.
1999 differed radically from 2006: 1999 saw four major fight cards: De La Hoya-Trinidad, Holyfield-Lewis I, Holyfield-Lewis II and De La Hoya-Quartey. By contrast, only one pay-per-view mega-fight took place in 2006: De La Hoya-Mayorga. Rahman-Maskaev bombed with under 50,000. The other eight PPV cards that year all fell in the 325,000–450,000 range. Pay-per-view fights in that range almost always generate more money for the promoter and fighters than HBO wants to pay for an HBO World Championship Boxing license-fee.
In May 2007, the super-welterweight boxing match between Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr. on HBO PPV became the biggest-selling non-heavyweight title fight, with a little more than 2.5 million buyers. The fight itself generated roughly in domestic PPV revenue, making it the most lucrative prizefight of that era. The record stood until 2015 before it was broken by Floyd Mayweather, Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao in a fight dubbed as the "Fight of the Century" on May 2, 2015 which generated 4.6 million ppv buys and a revenue of over $400 million.
The leading PPV attraction, Floyd Mayweather Jr. has generated approximately 24 million buys and $1.6 billion in revenue. Manny Pacquiao, ranked second, has generated approximately 20.1 million buys and $1.2 billion in revenue. Oscar De La Hoya, has "sold" approximately 14 million s in total, giving $700 million in domestic television receipts and stands third. In fourth place in buys, Evander Holyfield has achieved 12.6 million units ; and at fifth, Mike Tyson has reached 12.4 million units.
Ross Greenburg, then president of HBO Sports, called the expansion of pay-per-view "the biggest economic issue in boxing", stating "I can't tell you that pay-per-view helps the sport because it doesn't. It hurts the sport because it narrows our audience, but it's a fact of life. Every time we try to make an HBO World Championship Boxing fight, we're up against mythical pay-per-view numbers. HBO doesn't make a lot of money from pay-per-view. There's usually a cap on what we can make. But the promoters and fighters insist on pay-per-view because that's where their greatest profits lie."
"It's a big problem," Greenburg continues. "It's getting harder and harder to put fighters like Manny Pacquiao on HBO World Championship Boxing. If Floyd Mayweather beats Oscar, he might never fight on HBO World Championship Boxing again. But if HBO stopped doing pay-per-view, the promoters would simply do it on their own or find someone else who will do it for them."
Former HBO Sports President Seth Abraham concurs, saying, "I think, if Lou and I were still at HBO, we'd be in the same pickle as far as the exodus of fights to pay-per-view is concerned."

Ultimate Fighting Championship

The Ultimate Fighting Championship, a mixed martial arts promotion, was a relative newcomer to the PPV market. However, the promotion experienced a surge in popularity in the mid-2000s, credited initially to the popularity of an associated reality show on the cable channel Spike, The Ultimate Fighter. UFC 52—the first UFC event since its premiere, broke the promotion's record with almost 300,000 buys. PPV numbers escalated further in 2006, with its events taking in a gross revenue of $222 million. In October 2016, it was reported that 42% of the UFC's "content revenue" in 2015 came from pay-per-view buys, followed by U.S. and international media rights.
In 2018, UFC 229 would pull an all-time record for the promotion, with estimates indicating that the event attracted nearly 2.4 million buys, breaking the 1.65 million buy record set by UFC 202.
In March 2019, as part of a larger contract with ESPN for media rights in the United States, it was announced that future UFC pay-per-views will only be sold to subscribers of the network's streaming service ESPN+.

Professional wrestling

has a long history of running pay-per-view events. WWE launched its first pay-per-view event in 1985 with its annual flagship event WrestleMania and has run numerous others throughout the years. Although it still offers its events via traditional PPV outlets, they have also been included at no additional charge as part of a larger, subscription-based streaming service known as WWE Network. The service also includes original programming and an on-demand archive of events and television episodes from WWE's library. Following WrestleMania 34, the service had 2.12 million subscribers. Other major organizations such as World Championship Wrestling, Extreme Championship Wrestling, Impact Wrestling, Ring of Honor, and All Elite Wrestling have also run pay-per-view events.

Concerts

In 2009, The live streaming Broadcast of The Allman Brothers Band 40th Anniversary show, live from the Beacon Theater in NYC, was the largest on line pay per view streaming concert event, grossing in excess of $300 thousand dollars. The event was produced by Onstream Media for Moogis.com.
In 2015, PPV broadcasts of the tour set a record for buys for a music event, with over 400,000.

United Kingdom and Ireland

Viewers in the United Kingdom and Ireland can access pay-per-view via satellite, cable and over-the-internet television services, mainly for films, boxing and American professional wrestling via services such as Sky Box Office and BT Sport Box Office. The last couple of years has seen the number of pay-per-view boxing events significantly increase and currently all of the UK's top fights are only available via pay-per-view. Broadcasters have abandoned their aspirations to introduce PPV into other sports market due to poor interest from the public.

Canada

In Canada, most specialty television providers provide pay-per-view programming through one or more services. In all cases, prices typically range from around C$4.99 up to $50 or more for special events.
Initially, there were three major PPV providers in Canada; Viewers Choice operated in Eastern Canada as a joint venture of Astral Media, Rogers Communications, and TSN. Western International Communications operated a separate service in the west initially known as Home Theatre; it was later rebranded as Viewers Choice under license.
Viewers Choice Canada was a partner in a French-language PPV service known as Canal Indigo, which is now entirely owned by Videotron. Bell Canada launched a PPV service for its ExpressVu television provider known as Vu! in 1999.
Home Theatre was later acquired by Shaw Communications; after gaining permission to operate nationally, it re-branded as a white-label PPV known internally as Shaw PPV in December 2007. In 2014, due to Bell Media's majority ownership of Viewers Choice because of its acquisition of Astral, and because both Bell and Rogers now ran their own in-house PPV operations, Viewers Choice was shut down.

Mainland Europe

In Romania, cable communications operator UPC Romania has notified the National Audiovisual Council on the intention to introduce in January, February 2014 at the latest, an on-demand audiovisual media service called Agerpres. According to the manager of UPC Romania-owned Smaranda Radoi UPC, will allow customers to watch movies on demand or live events; as well as broadcasts of performances, concerts and sporting events.
In November 2008, pay-per-view made its debut in Albania through Digitalb on terrestrial and satellite television, with the channel DigiGold.
In France, launched in the late 1990s, Canalsat and TPS operate their own pay-per-view service. While CanalSat holds the rights to live soccer matches for France's Ligue 1, TPS had the rights for Boxe matches. In 2007, Multivision service ceased by the end of TPS service which merged with Canalsat. Nowadays, Ciné+ is the only existing pay-per-view service in France.
In Croatia, Fight Channel is broadcasting martial arts events organized by the world's most prominent fighting organizations, such as the UFC, K-1, HBO Boxing, Dream, Glory WS, World Series of Boxing etc. and its pay-per-view service covers the Balkans region.
Sky Deutschland, accessible in Germany, Austria and partially in Switzerland, provides nine PPV-Channels called "Sky Select", where their regular Pay-TV customers can see movies or various sports events such as boxing or soccer.

South America

Per nations with Pay-Per-View or PPV system in South América:
In Argentina, Torneos y Competencias is a producer and sports events organization that broadcasts live main matches of Argentine Soccer in four categories on TyC Sports and TyC Max.
In Brazil, in the soccer main matches of Serie A and Serie B in two categories of Brazilian Soccer are broadcast live on Premiere FC and SporTV. The Serie C Championship are broadcast live on SporTV with two games per matchday in Pay TV. In other sports are broadcast live on NBB TV.
In Chile, the exclusive rights of Chilean Soccer are owned by TV Fútbol and broadcast live on a channel called Canal Del Fútbol, also known CDF. Sports Field S.A. has exclusive rights to games on the Chilean professional basketball league, which are broadcast live vía CDO.
In Paraguay, the Teledeportes business have exclusive rights to broadcast live main matches of Paraguayan Soccer in four categories vía Tigo Max and Tigo Sports. Teledeportes have live broadcast live of Paraguayan Basketball League is broadcast live Monday at 7:55 pm on Tigo Max and Thursday at 8:00 pm on Tigo Sports.
In Uruguay, the Tenfield producer business and sports events organization have television exclusive rights for the main matches of Uruguayan soccer and basketball, which are broadcast on VTV Max and VTV Sports.

Australia and the Pacific Islands

and Optus Vision introduced pay-per-view direct to home television in Australia in the mid-to-late 1990s. Foxtel had Event TV while, Optus Vision had Main Attraction Pay-Per-View as its provider. As of 2005, Main Event is the current pay-per-view provider through Foxtel and Optus cable/satellite subscription.
Sky Pacific started a service in Fiji in 2005 and then expanded into American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu, with one, out of their 25 channels, being Pay-Per-View.

Asia

In Malaysia, Astro's Astro Box Office service launched in 2000 in the form of the free-to-air "Astro Showcase".
In Japan, SkyPerfecTV subscribers can receive one-click pay-per-view access to hundreds of channels supplying domestic and international sporting events, movies, and specialty programming, either live or later on continuous repeat on its channel.
In India a pay-per-view service operates; however, pay-per-view sports broadcasts are available. Now also live events like WWE.

List of pay-per-view bouts

Boxing

Worldwide

The following is a list of boxing fights that have generated over 1million pay-per-view buys worldwide. These figures include closed-circuit theatre television, pay-per-view home television, and pay-per-view online streaming.
DateFightNetworkSalesRevenue (Revenue (
Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier
  • Closed-circuit theatre TV
Muhammad Ali vs. George Foreman
  • Closed-circuit theatre TV
  • $100,000,000
    Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier III
  • Closed-circuit theatre TV
  • HBO
  • $100,000,000
    Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton III
  • Closed-circuit theatre TV
  • Roberto Durán vs. Sugar Ray Leonard
  • Closed-circuit theatre TV
  • HBO
  • $30,000,000
    Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney
  • Closed-circuit theatre TV
  • $20,000,000
    Sugar Ray Leonard vs. Marvin Hagler
  • Closed-circuit theatre TV
  • HBO
  • $60,000,000
    Mike Tyson vs. Michael Spinks
  • Closed-circuit theatre TV
  • HBO
  • $70,000,000
    Evander Holyfield vs. George Foreman
  • HBO
  • $75,000,000
    Mike Tyson vs. Donovan Ruddock II
  • Showtime
  • Mike Tyson vs. Peter McNeeley
  • Showtime
  • Frank Bruno vs. Mike Tyson II
  • Showtime
  • Sky Box Office
  • $98,000,000
    Mike Tyson vs. Bruce Seldon
  • Showtime
  • Mike Tyson vs. Evander Holyfield
  • Showtime
  • Mike Tyson vs. Evander Holyfield II
  • Showtime
  • Sky Box Office
  • Closed-circuit theatre TV
  • $180,000,000
    Oscar De La Hoya vs. Félix Trinidad
  • HBO
  • $74,100,000
    Lennox Lewis vs. Mike Tyson
  • HBO
  • Showtime
  • Sky Box Office
  • $112,000,000
    Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr.
  • HBO
  • Closed-circuit theatre TV
  • $165,000,000
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Ricky Hatton
  • HBO
  • Sky Box Office
  • $134,000,000
    Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao
  • HBO
  • $100,000,000
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky Hatton
  • HBO
  • Sky Box Office
  • $80,200,000
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Juan Manuel Márquez
  • HBO
  • Manny Pacquiao vs. Miguel Cotto
  • HBO
  • Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Shane Mosley
  • HBO
  • Manny Pacquiao vs. Antonio Margarito
  • HBO
  • Manny Pacquiao vs. Shane Mosley
  • Showtime
  • Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs Victor Ortiz
  • HBO
  • Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez III
  • HBO
  • Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Miguel Cotto
  • HBO
  • $94,000,000
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez IV
  • HBO
  • Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Canelo Álvarez
  • Showtime
  • $150,000,000
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao
  • HBO
  • Showtime
  • Sky Box Office
  • Closed-circuit theatre TV
  • $500,000,000$500,000,000
    Anthony Joshua vs. Wladimir Klitschko
  • Sky Box Office
  • Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Conor McGregor
  • Showtime
  • Sky Box Office
  • 5,174,000$500,000,000$500,000,000
    Canelo Álvarez vs. Gennady Golovkin
  • HBO
  • $100,000,000$100,000,000
    Anthony Joshua vs. Joseph Parker
  • Sky Box Office
  • $60,000,000
    KSI vs. Logan Paul
  • YouTube
  • Canelo Álvarez vs. Gennady Golovkin II
  • HBO
  • $117,000,000$117,000,000
    Anthony Joshua vs. Alexander Povetkin
  • Sky Box Office
  • $53,000,000
    Andy Ruiz Jr. vs. Anthony Joshua II
  • Sky Box Office
  • Deontay Wilder vs. Tyson Fury II
  • ESPN
  • Fox Sports
  • United States (closed-circuit theatre TV)

    Select boxing buy rates at American closed-circuit theatre television venues between 1951 and 2015:
    DateFightBuysRevenueRevenue
    Joe Louis vs. Lee Savold$100,000$
    Sugar Ray Robinson vs. Randolph Turpin II$$
    Rocky Marciano vs. Joe Walcott$$
    Rocky Marciano vs. Archie Moore$1,125,000$
    Sugar Ray Robinson vs. Carmen Basilio$$
    Sugar Ray Robinson vs. Carmen Basilio II$2,000,000$
    Floyd Patterson vs. Roy Harris$763,437$
    Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson$1,032,000$
    Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson II$3,000,000$
    Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson III$2,500,000$
    Floyd Patterson vs. Sonny Liston$3,200,000$
    Cassius Clay vs. Doug Jones$500,000$
    Floyd Patterson vs. Sonny Liston II$4,747,690$
    Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston$5,000,000$
    Floyd Patterson vs. George Chuvalo$800,000$
    Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston II$4,300,000$
    Muhammad Ali vs. Floyd Patterson$4,000,000$
    Muhammad Ali vs. Cleveland Williams$$
    Muhammad Ali vs. Ernie Terrell$$
    Muhammad Ali vs. Jerry Quarry$3,500,000$
    Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier$$
    Muhammad Ali vs. George Foreman$$
    Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier III$$
    Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton III$$
    Roberto Durán vs. Sugar Ray Leonard$22,000,000$
    Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney$20,000,000$
    Marvin Hagler vs. Thomas Hearns$$
    Sugar Ray Leonard vs. Marvin Hagler$40,000,000$
    Mike Tyson vs. Michael Spinks$32,000,000$
    Evander Holyfield vs. Mike Tyson II$9,000,000$
    Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr.$$
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao$$

    United States (PPV home television)

    Select PPV boxing buy-rates between 1960 and 2020:
    DateFightResultCarrierBuy rate
    Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson IIPatterson wins by KO in round 5TelePrompTer
    Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson IIIPatterson wins by KO in round 6TelePrompTer
    Floyd Patterson vs. Sonny ListonListon wins by KO in round 1TelePrompTer
    Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny ListonAli wins by RTD in round 6WHCT
    Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier IIIAli wins by TKO in round 14HBO
    Roberto Durán vs. Sugar Ray LeonardDurán wins by UD HBO
    Sugar Ray Leonard vs. Thomas HearnsLeonard wins by TKO in round 14HBO
    Marvin Hagler vs. Thomas HearnsHagler wins by TKO in round 3HBO
    Marvin Hagler vs. Sugar Ray LeonardLeonard wins by SD HBO
    Mike Tyson vs. Michael SpinksTyson wins by KO in round 1HBO
    Donny Lalonde vs. Sugar Ray LeonardLeonard wins by TKO in round 9HBO
    Buster Douglas vs. Evander HolyfieldHolyfield wins by KO in round 3Showtime
    Mike Tyson vs. Donovan RuddockTyson wins by TKO in round 7Showtime
    Evander Holyfield vs. George ForemanHolyfield wins by UD HBO
    Mike Tyson vs. Donovan Ruddock IITyson wins by UD Showtime
    Ray Mercer vs. Tommy MorrisonMercer wins by KO in round 5HBO
    Evander Holyfield vs. Larry HolmesHolyfield wins by UD HBO
    Evander Holyfield vs. Riddick BoweBowe wins by UD HBO
    George Foreman vs. Tommy MorrisonMorrison wins by UD HBO
    Pernell Whitaker vs. Julio César ChávezMajority draw Showtime
    Riddick Bowe vs. Evander Holyfield IIHolyfield wins by MD HBO
    James Toney vs. Roy Jones Jr.Jones Jr. wins by UD HBO
    Oscar De La Hoya vs. Rafael RuelasDe La Hoya wins by TKO in round 2HBO
    Mike Tyson vs. Peter McNeeleyTyson wins by DQ in round 1Showtime
    Riddick Bowe vs. Evander Holyfield IIIBowe wins by TKO in round 8HBO
    Frank Bruno vs. Mike Tyson IITyson wins by TKO in round 3Showtime
    Mike Tyson vs. Bruce SeldonTyson wins by TKO in round 1Showtime
    Mike Tyson vs. Evander HolyfieldHolyfield wins by TKO in round 11Showtime
    Pernell Whitaker vs. Oscar De La HoyaDe La Hoya wins by UD HBO
    Mike Tyson vs. Evander Holyfield IIHolyfield wins by DQ in round 3Showtime
    Oscar De La Hoya vs. Héctor CamachoDe La Hoya wins by UD HBO
    Lennox Lewis vs. Andrew GolotaLewis wins by KO in round 1HBO
    Evander Holyfield vs. Michael Moorer IIHolyfield wins by RTD in round 8Showtime
    Mike Tyson vs. Francois BothaTyson wins by KO in round 5Showtime
    Evander Holyfield vs. Lennox LewisSplit draw HBO
    Oscar De La Hoya vs. Félix TrinidadTrinidad wins by MD HBO
    Evander Holyfield vs. Lennox Lewis IILewis wins by UD HBO
    Lennox Lewis vs. Michael GrantLewis wins by KO in round 2HBO
    Oscar De La Hoya vs. Shane MosleyMosley wins by SD HBO
    Roy Jones Jr. vs. Eric HardingJones Jr. wins by RTD in round 10HBO
    Mike Tyson vs. Andrew GolotaTyson wins by TKO in round 3 Showtime
    Lennox Lewis vs. David TuaLewis wins by UD HBO
    Evander Holyfield vs. John Ruiz IIRuiz wins by UD Showtime
    Naseem Hamed vs. Marco Antonio BarreraBarrera wins by UD HBO
    Laila Ali vs. Jacqui Frazier-LydeAli wins by MD
    Hasim Rahman vs. Lennox Lewis IILewis wins by KO in round 4HBO
    Lennox Lewis vs. Mike TysonLewis wins by KO in round 8HBO/Showtime
    Oscar De La Hoya vs. Fernando VargasDe La Hoya wins by TKO in round 11HBO
    Mike Tyson vs. Clifford EtienneTyson wins by KO in round 1Showtime
    John Ruiz vs. Roy Jones Jr.Jones Jr. wins by UD HBO
    Oscar De La Hoya vs. Shane Mosley IIMosley wins by UD HBO
    James Toney vs. Evander HolyfieldToney wins by TKO in round 9Showtime
    Antonio Tarver vs. Roy Jones Jr.Jones Jr. wins by MD HBO
    Roy Jones Jr. vs. Antonio Tarver IITarver wins by KO in round 2HBO
    Bernard Hopkins vs. Oscar De La HoyaHopkins wins by KO in round 9HBO
    Vitali Klitschko vs. Danny WilliamsKlitschko wins by TKO in round 8HBO
    Érik Morales vs. Manny PacquiaoMorales wins by UD HBO
    Mike Tyson vs. Kevin McBrideMcBride wins by TKO in round 7Showtime
    Arturo Gatti vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr.Mayweather Jr. wins by RTD in round 6HBO
    Antonio Tarver vs. Roy Jones Jr. IIITarver wins by UD HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs Érik Morales IIPacquiao wins by TKO in round 10HBO
    Shane Mosley vs Fernando VargasMosley wins by TKO in round 10HBO
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Zab JudahMayweather Jr. wins by UD HBO
    Ricardo Mayorga vs. Oscar De La HoyaDe La Hoya wins by TKO in round 6HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Óscar LariosPacquiao wins by UD Top Rank
    Shane Mosley vs Fernando Vargas IIMosley wins by TKO in round 6HBO
    Hasim Rahman vs. Oleg Maskaev IIMaskaev wins by TKO in round 12HBO
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Carlos BaldomirMayweather Jr. wins by UD HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs Érik Morales IIIPacquiao wins by KO in round 3HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs Jorge SolísPacquiao wins by KO in round 8Top Rank
    Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr.Mayweather Jr. wins by SD HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Marco Antonio Barrera IIPacquiao wins by UD HBO
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Ricky HattonMayweather Jr. wins by TKO in round 10HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez IIPacquiao wins by SD HBO
    David Díaz vs. Manny PacquiaoPacquiao wins by TKO in round 9HBO
    Joe Calzaghe vs. Roy Jones Jr.Calzaghe wins by UD HBO
    Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny PacquiaoPacquiao wins by RTD in round 8HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky HattonPacquiao wins by KO in round 2HBO
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Juan Manuel MárquezMayweather Jr. wins by UD HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Miguel CottoPacquiao wins by TKO in round 12HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Joshua ClotteyPacquiao wins by UD HBO
    Bernard Hopkins vs. Roy Jones Jr. IIHopkins win by UD HBO
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Shane MosleyMayweather Jr. wins by UD HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Antonio MargaritoPacquiao wins by UD HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Shane MosleyPacquiao wins by UD Showtime
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs Victor OrtizMayweather Jr. wins by KO in round 4HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez IIIPacquiao wins by MD HBO
    Miguel Cotto vs. Antonio Margarito IICotto wins by RTD in round 9HBO
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Miguel CottoMayweather Jr. wins by UD HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy BradleyBradley wins by SD HBO
    Sergio Martínez vs. Julio César Chávez Jr.Martínez wins by UD HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez IVMárquez wins by KO in round 6HBO
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Robert GuerreroMayweather Jr. wins by UD Showtime
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Canelo ÁlvarezMayweather Jr. wins by MD Showtime
    Timothy Bradley vs. Juan Manuel MárquezBradley wins by SD HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Brandon RíosPacquiao wins by UD HBO
    Canelo Álvarez vs. Alfredo AnguloÁlvarez wins by TKO in Round 10Showtime
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley IIPacquiao wins by UD HBO
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Marcos MaidanaMayweather Jr. wins by MD Showtime
    Miguel Cotto vs. Sergio MartínezCotto wins by RTD in round 10HBO
    Canelo Álvarez vs. Erislandy LaraÁlvarez wins by SD Showtime
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Marcos Maidana IIMayweather Jr. wins by UD Showtime
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Chris AlgieriPacquiao wins by UD HBO
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny PacquiaoMayweather Jr. wins by UD HBO/Showtime
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Andre BertoMayweather Jr. wins by UD Showtime
    Gennady Golovkin vs. David LemieuxGolovkin wins by TKO in round 8HBO
    Miguel Cotto vs. Canelo ÁlvarezÁlvarez wins by UD HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley IIIPacquiao wins by UD HBO
    Canelo Álvarez vs. Amir KhanÁlvarez wins by KO in round 6HBO
    Terence Crawford vs. Viktor PostolCrawford wins by UD HBO
    Canelo Álvarez vs. Liam SmithÁlvarez wins by TKO in round 9HBO
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Jessie VargasPacquiao wins by UD Top Rank
    Sergey Kovalev vs. Andre WardWard wins by UD HBO
    Gennady Golovkin vs. Daniel JacobsGolovkin wins by UD HBO
    Canelo Álvarez vs. Julio César Chávez Jr.Álvarez wins by UD HBO
    Andre Ward vs. Sergey Kovalev IIWard wins by TKO in round 8HBO
    Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Conor McGregorMayweather Jr. wins by TKO in round 10Showtime
    Canelo Álvarez vs. Gennady GolovkinSplit draw HBO
    Canelo Álvarez vs. Gennady Golovkin IIÁlvarez wins by MD HBO
    Deontay Wilder vs. Tyson FurySplit draw Showtime
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Adrien BronerPacquiao wins by UD Showtime
    Errol Spence Jr. vs. Mikey GarciaSpence Jr. wins by UD Fox
    Terence Crawford vs. Amir KhanCrawford wins by TKO in round 6ESPN
    Manny Pacquiao vs. Keith ThurmanPacquiao wins by SD Fox
    Errol Spence Jr. vs. Shawn PorterSpence wins by SD Fox
    Deontay Wilder vs. Luis Ortiz IIWilder wins by KO in round 7Fox
    Deontay Wilder vs. Tyson Fury IIFury wins by TKO in round 7ESPN/Fox1,200,000

    United Kingdom


    Select boxing pay-per-view figures between 1966 and 2018. Many of these figures are based on BARB weekly viewing data figures.
    DateFightNetworkBuysSourceAnnouncers
    21 May 1966Muhammad Ali vs. Henry Cooper IIPay TV40,000
    16 March 1996Frank Bruno vs. Mike Tyson IISky Box Office660,000Ian Darke and Glenn McCrory
    9 November 1996Naseem Hamed vs. Remigio MolinaSky Box Office420,000Ian Darke and Glenn McCrory
    8 February 1997Naseem Hamed vs. Tom JohnsonSky Box Office720,000Ian Darke and Glenn McCrory
    3 May 1997Naseem Hamed vs. Billy HardySky Box OfficeIan Darke and Glenn McCrory
    28 June 1997Evander Holyfield vs. Mike Tyson IISky Box Office550,000Ian Darke and Glenn McCrory
    13 March 1999Evander Holyfield vs. Lennox LewisSky Box Office400,000Ian Darke and Glenn McCrory
    29 January 2000Mike Tyson vs. Julius FrancisSky Box Office500,000Ian Darke and Glenn McCrory
    19 August 2000Naseem Hamed vs. Augie SanchezSky Box Office300,000Adam Smith and Jim Watt
    8 June 2002Lennox Lewis vs. Mike TysonSky Box Office750,000Ian Darke and Glenn McCrory
    8 December 2007Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Ricky HattonSky Box Office1,150,000Ian Darke and Jim Watt
    2 May 2009Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky HattonSky Box Office900,000Ian Darke and Jim Watt
    18 July 2009Amir Khan vs. Andreas KotelnikSky Box Office100,000Adam Smith and Jim Watt
    7 November 2009Nikolai Valuev vs. David HayeSky Box Office469,000Ian Darke and Jim Watt
    3 April 2010David Haye vs. John RuizSky Box Office253,000Ian Darke and Jim Watt
    24 April 2010Carl Froch vs. Mikkel KesslerPrimetime50,000John Rawling and Duke McKenzie
    18 September 2010Kell Brook vs. Michael JenningsSky Box OfficeIan Darke and Jim Watt
    13 November 2010David Haye vs. Audley HarrisonSky Box Office304,000Ian Darke and Jim Watt
    11 December 2010Amir Khan vs. Marcos MaidanaSky Box OfficeAdam Smith and Jim Watt
    16 April 2011Amir Khan vs. Paul McCloskeyPrimetimeBenny Ricardo and Duke McKenzie
    21 May 2011George Groves vs. James DeGaleSky Box Office43,000Ian Darke and Jim Watt
    02 July 2011Wladimir Klitschko vs. David HayeSky Box Office1,170,000John Rawling and Jim Watt
    25 May 2013Carl Froch vs. Mikkel Kessler IISky Box Office32,000Ian Darke and Jim Watt
    23 November 2013Carl Froch vs. George GrovesSky Box OfficeNick Halling and Jim Watt
    31 May 2014Carl Froch vs. George Groves IISky Box Office355,000Nick Halling, Jim Watt and Paulie Malignaggi
    30 May 2015Kell Brook vs. Frankie GavinSky Box Office139,000Nick Halling, Jim Watt and Paulie Malignaggi
    2 May 2015Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny PacquiaoSky Box Office942,000Nick Halling and Jim Watt
    28 November 2015Wladimir Klitschko vs. Tyson FurySky Box Office545,000Adam Smith, Glenn McCrory and Carl Froch
    12 December 2015Anthony Joshua vs. Dillian WhyteSky Box Office420,000Nick Halling, Jim Watt and Paulie Malignaggi
    27 February 2016Carl Frampton vs. Scott QuiggSky Box Office220,000Nick Halling and Jim Watt
    9 April 2016Anthony Joshua vs. Charles MartinSky Box Office500,000Nick Halling and Glenn McCrory
    25 June 2016Anthony Joshua vs. Dominic BreazealeSky Box Office512,000Nick Halling and Jim Watt
    10 September 2016Gennady Golovkin vs. Kell BrookSky Box Office400,000Adam Smith, Carl Froch and Paulie Malignaggi
    10 December 2016Anthony Joshua vs. Éric MolinaSky Box Office450,000Adam Smith, Carl Froch and David Haye
    4 February 2017Chris Eubank Jr. vs. Renold QuinlanITV Box Office86,000Ronald McIntosh and Richie Woodhall
    4 March 2017David Haye vs. Tony BellewSky Box Office750,000Adam Smith, Carl Froch and Paulie Malignaggi
    29 April 2017Anthony Joshua vs. Wladimir KlitschkoSky Box Office1,500,000Adam Smith, Carl Froch and Deontay Wilder
    27 May 2017Kell Brook vs. Errol Spence Jr.Sky Box Office275,000Adam Smith and Carl Froch
    26 August 2017Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Conor McGregorSky Box Office1,007,000Adam Smith, Carl Froch and Dan Hardy
    28 October 2017Anthony Joshua vs. Carlos TakamSky Box Office887,000Adam Smith, Carl Froch and Tony Bellew
    31 March 2018Anthony Joshua vs. Joseph ParkerSky Box Office1,457,000Adam Smith and Carl Froch
    5 May 2018David Haye vs. Tony Bellew IISky Box Office775,000Adam Smith, Carl Froch and Paulie Malignaggi
    28 July 2018Dillian Whyte vs. Joseph ParkerSky Box Office474,000Adam Smith, Carl Froch and Tony Bellew
    22 September 2018Anthony Joshua vs. Alexander PovetkinSky Box Office1,108,000Adam Smith, Carl Froch, Paulie Malignaggi and David Haye
    10 November 2018Oleksandr Usyk vs. Tony BellewSky Box Office603,000Adam Smith, Carl Froch, Paulie Malignaggi and David Haye
    1 December 2018Deontay Wilder vs. Tyson FuryBT Sport Box Office450,000John Rawling and Barry Jones
    22 December 2018Dillian Whyte vs. Dereck Chisora IISky Box Office438,000Adam Smith, Carl Froch and Anthony Joshua
    1 June 2019Anthony Joshua vs. Andy Ruiz Jr.Sky Box Office403,000Adam Smith, Paulie Malignaggi and Matthew Macklin
    20 July 2019Dillian Whyte vs. Oscar RivasSky Box Office286,000Adam Smith, Paulie Malignaggi and Matthew Macklin
    31 August 2019Vasyl Lomachenko vs. Luke CampbellSky Box Office205,000Adam Smith, Paulie Malignaggi and Matthew Macklin
    26 October 2019Josh Taylor vs. Regis PrograisSky Box Office176,000Adam Smith, Carl Froch & Matthew Macklin
    9 November 2019KSI vs. Logan Paul IISky Box Office216,000Adam Smith, Joe Weller, Ethan Payne and AnEsonGib
    7 December 2019Andy Ruiz Jr. vs. Anthony Joshua IISky Box Office1,284,000Adam Smith, Matthew Macklin and Tony Bellew

    Mixed martial arts (United States)

    The first pay-per-view mixed martial arts bout was Muhammad Ali vs. Antonio Inoki, which took place in Japan on. It sold at least 2million or more buys on closed-circuit theatre TV in the United States. At a ticket price of $10, the fight grossed at least or more from closed-circuit theatre TV revenue in the United States.

    UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship)

    The highest buy rates for the UFC as of 2018 are as follows:
    Note: The UFC does not release official PPV statistics, and the following PPV numbers are as reported by industry insiders. As of April 2019, all PPV's are iPPV's, with distribution on the internet exclusively via Disney and BAMTech's streaming service.
    DateEventBuy rateRevenue
    UFC 229: Khabib vs. McGregor2,400,000
    UFC 202: Diaz vs. McGregor 21,650,000
    UFC 100: Lesnar vs. Mir1,600,000$82 million
    UFC 196: McGregor vs. Diaz1,500,000
    UFC 194: Aldo vs. McGregor1,400,000
    UFC 205: Alvarez vs. McGregor1,300,000
    UFC 200: Tate vs. Nunes1,200,000
    UFC 116: Lesnar vs. Carwin1,160,000$55 million
    UFC 193: Rousey vs. Holm1,100,000$60 million
    UFC 207: Nunes vs. Rousey1,100,000
    UFC 66: Liddell vs. Ortiz 21,050,000$53 million
    UFC 114: Rampage vs. Evans1,050,000
    UFC 121: Lesnar vs. Velasquez1,050,000$45 million
    UFC 168: Weidman vs. Silva II1,025,000
    UFC 91: Couture vs. Lesnar1,010,000$47 million
    UFC 246: McGregor vs. Cerrone1,000,000
    UFC 92: Evans vs. Griffin1,000,000
    UFC 158: St-Pierre vs. Diaz950,000
    UFC 148: Silva vs. Sonnen II925,000
    UFC 94: St-Pierre vs. Penn 2920,000
    UFC 190: Rousey vs. Correia900,000
    UFC 217: Bisping vs. St-Pierre875,000
    UFC 214: Cormier vs. Jones 2860,000
    UFC 101: Declaration850,000
    UFC 189: Mendes vs. McGregor825,000
    UFC 129: St-Pierre vs. Shields800,000
    UFC 182: Jones vs. Cormier800,000
    UFC 124: St-Pierre vs. Koscheck 2785,000
    UFC 141: Lesnar vs. Overeem780,000
    UFC 111: St-Pierre vs. Hardy770,000

    Professional wrestling (United States)

    WrestleMania I in March 1985 sold over 1million buys on closed-circuit theatre TV in the United States, making it the largest pay-per-view showing of a wrestling event in the US at the time.

    PPV home television

    The highest buy rates for professional wrestling events on pay-per-view home television are as follows:
    No.DateEventBuy rate
    1WrestleMania XXVIII1,300,000
    2WrestleMania 231,200,000
    3WrestleMania 211,085,000
    4WrestleMania XXVII1,059,000
    5WrestleMania XXIV1,058,000
    6WrestleMania 291,048,000
    7WrestleMania X-Seven1,040,000
    8WrestleMania XX1,007,000
    9WrestleMania 22975,000
    10WrestleMania XXV960,000
    11WrestleMania XXVI885,000
    12WrestleMania X8880,000
    13WrestleMania 2000824,000
    14WrestleMania XV800,000
    15WWF Invasion770,000
    16WrestleMania V767,000
    17WrestleMania VII764,000

    List of sportsmen with highest pay-per-view sales

    This tables lists the sportsmen who have had the highest pay-per-view sales, with at least 10million buys. It includes sportsmen who have participated in combat sports such as boxing and mixed martial arts as well as sports entertainment such as professional wrestling.
    SportsmanTotal salesClosed-circuit theatre TVPPV home televisionYearsSport
    Muhammad Ali19631985Professional boxing
    Muhammad Ali19631985Mixed martial arts
    Muhammad Ali19631985Professional wrestling
    Joe Frazier19651981Professional boxing
    George Foreman19741993Professional boxing
    Floyd Mayweather Jr.20052017Professional boxing
    Floyd Mayweather Jr.20052017Professional wrestling
    Manny Pacquiao20052019Professional boxing
    Triple H19952019Professional wrestling
    Mike Tyson19882005Professional boxing
    Mike Tyson19882005Professional wrestling
    John Cena20022018Professional wrestling
    The Rock19982013Professional wrestling
    The Undertaker19902019Professional wrestling
    Oscar De La Hoya19952008Professional boxing
    Conor McGregorrowspan="2" 20082018Mixed martial arts
    Conor McGregorProfessional boxing20082018-
    Evander Holyfield19842003Professional boxing
    Anthony Joshua20152019Professional boxing
    Shawn Michaels19882018Professional wrestling