Pediatric stroke Pediatric stroke is a stroke that happens in children or adolescents. Stroke affects about 6 in 100,000 children. Stroke is a leading cause of death in children in the U.S. causes can and does happen at any age. Stroke is different in children and newborns than it is in adults . Children have hemorrhagic strokes as often as they have ischemic strokes, while adults are more likely to have ischemic strokes. Sixty percent of pediatric strokes occur in boys. Causes of stroke are also different in children than they are in adults.Types of Strokes Ischemic In an ischemic stroke , blood supply to part of the brain is decreased, leading to dysfunction of the brain tissue in that area. There are four reasons why this might happen: Thrombosis Embolism, Systemic hypoperfusion Venous thrombosis . Stroke without an obvious explanation is termed "cryptogenic" ; this constitutes 30-40% of all ischemic strokes.Hemorrhagic Intracranial hemorrhage is the accumulation of blood anywhere within the skull vault. A distinction is made between intra-axial hemorrhage and extra-axial hemorrhage . Intra-axial hemorrhage is due to intraparenchymal hemorrhage or intraventricular hemorrhage . The main types of extra-axial hemorrhage are epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage . Most of the hemorrhagic stroke syndromes have specific symptoms.Symptoms and signs Symptoms often include: Seizures , especially in newborns Keeping one hand in a fist position, especially in infants Worsening or sudden headaches Sudden difficulty speaking, slurring of words or trouble understanding speech Hemiparesis, or a weakness on one side of the body Sudden loss of vision or abnormal eye movements Sudden loss of balance or trouble walkingPrognosis The prognosis for pediatric stroke survivors varies. The following are some common outcomes: Cerebral Palsy Epilepsy Vision Loss Hearing Loss Treatment of Pediatric Stroke If symptoms of pediatric stroke seizure are seen, the infant should be taken to the hospital immediately for assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. Medications and other treatments may be recommended to help treat the symptoms or correct the cause of the stroke, such as rehydration, antibiotics for meningitis, and, medication or surgery to correct heart abnormalities.
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