Persistent left superior vena cava
In anatomy, a persistent left superior vena cava is the most common variation of the thoracic venous system, is prevalent in 0.3% of the population, and an embryologic remnant that results from a failure to involute.Presentation
In PLSVC, the left brachiocephalic vein does not develop fully and the left upper limb and head & neck drain into the right atrium via the coronary sinus.
The variation, in isolation, is considered benign, but is very frequently associated with cardiac abnormalities that have a significant mortality and morbidity. It is more frequent in patients with congenital heart defects.Diagnosis
If an anomaly is detected during a routine ultrasound, a fetal echocardiogram is performed to determine whether a fetus has the condition. Otherwise it is often left unnoticed unless an extenuating circumstance warrants further examination of the heart, usually much later in life.Treatment
