Perspectivism is the view that perception, experience, and reason change according to the viewer's relative perspective and interpretation. It rejects the idea of "one unchanging and essential world accessible to neutral representation by a disembodied subject." There are many possible conceptual schemes, or perspectives in which judgment of truth or value can be made. This is often taken to imply that no way of seeing the world can be taken as definitively "true", but does not necessarily entail that all perspectives are equally valid. G. W. Leibniz integrated this view into his philosophy, but Friedrich Nietzsche fully developed it.
Precursors
Perspectivism was thought about in Plato's rendition of Protagoras. A more recent philosophical source of perspectivism is Leibniz's theory of monads.
Nietzsche's perspectivism
Perspectivism rejects objective metaphysics, claiming that no evaluation of objectivity can transcend cultural formations or subjective designations. Therefore, there are no objective facts, nor any knowledge of a thing-in-itself. Truth is separated from any particular vantage point, and so there are no ethical or epistemological. Rules are constantly reassessed according to the circumstances of individual perspectives. Truth is thus created by integrating different vantage points together. People always adopt perspectives by default - whether they are aware of it or not - and the concepts of one's existence are defined by the circumstances surrounding that individual. Truth is made by and for individuals and peoples. This view differs from many types of relativism which consider the truth of a particular proposition as something that altogether cannot be evaluatedwith respect to an absolute truth, without taking into consideration culture and context. This view is outlined in an aphorism from Nietzsche's posthumously-assembled collection The Will to Power: The importance of perspective appears in Nietzsche's published works as early as The Gay Science, where he describes the effects of seeing things from different viewpoints.
Interpretation
, in his interpretation of Nietzsche's thought, argues that this can be expanded into a revised form of objectivity in relation to subjectivity as an aggregate of singular viewpoints. These aggregated perspectives illuminate, for example, a particular idea in seemingly self-contradictory ways. Upon further consideration they reveal a difference of contextuality and of rule by which such an idea can be validated. Therefore, it can be said each perspective is subsumed into and, taking account of its individuated context, adds to the overall objective measure of a proposition under examination.
