Phofsit Daibuun
Phofsit Daibuun is an orthography in the Latin alphabet for Taiwanese Hokkien based on Modern Literal Taiwanese. It is able to use the ASCII character set to indicate the proper variation of pitch without any subsidiary scripts or diacritic symbols.
Phonology
Nasalized syllables are indicated by "v" preceding the syllable nucleus. Except for b, j, l, which do not precede nasalized vowels, and m and n, which are already nasals.| Normal | c | ch | d | g | h | k | p | ph | q | s | t | z | zh | ø |
| Nasalized | cv | chv | dv | gv | hv | kv | pv | phv | qv | sv | tv | zv | zhv | v |
| Example | 爭 | 星 | 鄭 | 硬 | 耳 | 件 | 病 | 鼻 | 扲 | 漬 | 縫 | 濺 | 青 | 院 |
| Front | Central | Back | |
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-mid | e | oi | |
| Mid | oi | ||
| Open-mid | o | ||
| Open | a |
Regarding the pronunciation of "oi":
- in southern regions such as Tainan, the pronunciation tends toward oi, the mid central vowel ə
- in central and northern regions, the pronunciation tends toward oi, the close-mid back unrounded vowel ɤ
Tone spellings
- The table below shows the spelling of the basic tone mid tone, and the four sub-tones high, rising, low falling/low, falling/high falling
- indicates a changed tone
- indicates a tone that does not exist in standard Taiwanese
Monophthongs
| a 夏 | af 阿 | aa 牙 | ax 豹 | ar 絞 |
| i 異 | y 伊 | ii 姨 | ix 意 | ie 椅 |
| u 有 | w 污 | uu 牛 | ux 熨 | uo 羽 |
| e 下 | ef 溪 | ee 的 | ex 嫁 | ea 矮 |
| o 芋 | of 黑 | oo 湖 | ox 兔 | or 挖 |
| oi 餓 | oy 渦 | ooi 蚵 | oix 奧 | oir 襖 |
| ng 遠 | ngf 秧 | ngg 黃 | ngx 怏 | ngr 阮 |
| m 毋 | mf' 姆婆 | mm 蕾 | mx' 不是 | mr 姆 |
Diphthongs
| ai 代 | ay 哀 | aai 台 | aix 愛 | ae 藹 |
| au 後 | aw 歐 | aau 喉 | aux 懊 | ao 狗 |
| ia 夜 | iaf 埃 | iaa 爺 | iax 厭 | iar 野 |
| iau 耀 | iaw 邀 | iaau 姚 | iaux 跳 | iao 鳥 |
| ioi 廟 | ioy 腰 | iooi 搖 | ioix 叫 | ioir 少 |
| iu 柚 | iw 憂 | iuu 油 | iux 幼 | iuo 友 |
| oa 大 | oaf 歌 | oaa 蛇 | oax 化 | oar 紙 |
| oai 壞 | oay 乖 | oaai 懷 | oaix 怪 | oae 拐 |
| oe 話 | oef 鍋 | oee 唯 | oex 貨 | oea 挖 |
| ui 位 | uy 威 | uii 圍 | uix 畏 | uie 委 |
Nasal finals
| an 限 | afn 安 | aan 緊 | axn 案 | arn 簡 |
| ang 網 | afng 翁 | aang 紅 | axng 甕 | arng 講 |
| am 頷 | afm 醃 | aam 涵 | axm 暗 | arm 洝 |
| eng 用 | efng 鷹 | eeng 閒 | exng 應 | erng 泳 |
| iam 艷 | iafm 閹 | iaam 鹽 | iaxm 厭 | iarm 掩 |
| iang 恙 | iafng 央 | iaang 陽 | iaxng 泱 | iarng 養 |
| ien 沿 | iefn 煙 | ieen 鉛 | iexn 宴 | iern 演 |
| in 胤 | yn 因 | iin 云 | ixn 印 | irn 引 |
| im 燉 | ym 音 | iim 淫 | ixm 蔭 | irm 飲 |
| iong 用 | iofng 央 | ioong 容 | ioxng 擁 | iorng 勇 |
| oan 緩 | oafn 冤 | oaan 完 | oaxn 怨 | oarn 遠 |
| ong 旺 | ofng 汪 | oong 王 | oxng 罋 | orng 往 |
| un 運 | wn 溫 | uun 勻 | uxn 搵 | urn 隱 |
| om' 掩'埋 | ofm 掩 | oom** | oxm 頓 | orm' 頓'頭 |
Checked syllables
- # symbol represents characters used for their meaning, rather than their pronunciation
Monophthong
| Labial | Dental | Velar | Open | |
| Low | ab 壓 | ad 握 | ag 渥 | aq 鴨 |
| High | ap 盒 | at 密 | ak 目 | ah 疊 |
| Low | ib 揖 | id 壹 | ig** | iq 鐵 |
| High | ip 佾 | it 軼 | ik** | ih 胰 |
| Low | ub** | ud 熨 | ug** | uq 拄 |
| High | up** | ut 滑 | uk** | uh 刺 |
| Low | eb** | ed** | eg 億 | eq 格 |
| High | ep** | et** | 役 | eh 狹 |
| Low | ob #踏 | od** | og 惡 | oq 漏平 |
| High | op | ot** | ok 獨 | oh 膜 |
| Low | oib** | oid** | oig** | oiq #慢 |
| High | oip** | oit** | oik** | oih 學 |
Diphthong
| iab #掩藏 | ied 謁 | iag 摔 | iaq 扼 |
| iap 葉 | iet 搧 | iak 彈 | iah 頁 |
| oad #轉 | iog | auq 輾 | |
| oat 悅 | iok 育 | auh 貿 | |
| iuq 縮 | iauq 剝 | ||
| iuh' 縮 | iauh 剝 | ||
| oaq 割 | ioiq #猜 | oeq 血 | uiq 血 |
| oah 活 | ioih 藥 | oeh 劃 | uih 劃 |
Rarely used vowels
| Vowel | Example |
| io | nio, =nio 讓；svio, =sviu 想 |
| iof | diofng 忠；hviof, =hviw香 |
| ioo | nioo, =niuu 量，想；hioong affectionate, cruel |
| iox | cioxng 將，從；hioxng 向 |
| ior | nior, =niuo 兩；bioir 秒 |
| ioq | hioq 嗎 |
| oaiq | voaiq 瘸著走 |
| oaih' | vih'voaih'kioix 噫椏叫 |
| mq | hmq, =hmr strike down forcefully |
| mh | hmh insidious, silent; hmq'hmh |
| ngq | hngq |
| ngh | dngh 當, 擔任；hngh |