Pillager Band of Chippewa Indians are a historical band of Chippewa who settled at the headwaters of the Mississippi River in present-day Minnesota. Their name "Pillagers" is a translation of Makandwewininiwag, which literally means "Pillaging Men". The French called them Pilleurs, also a translation of their name. The French and Americans adopted their autonym for their military activities as the advance guard of the Ojibwe in the invasion of the Dakota country. They settled first on Leech Lake and gradually pushed westward from that point.
History
Names
Their name has been variously recorded as:
Chippeways of Leech Lake, English transliteration of French name adopted from other Algonquian-speaking people
Pilleurs, the French name, meaning 'plunderers'
Rogues
Pilliers, variation of the French
Robbers
Pillagers
By the mid-nineteenth century, records showed that scholars and Indian agents were generally using the band's Ojibwe name, although they struggled to render the spelling in the best way to convey pronunciation:
Muk-im-dua-win-in-e-wug
Muk-me-dua-win-in-e-wug
Muk-un-dua-win-in-e-wing
Mukundua
Muk-un-dua-win-in-e-wug
Mukundwa
Mukkundwas
Cypowais plunderers
Makandwewininiwag
Ma'kandwäwininiwag
Sub-bands
The Pillagers at the time had several sub-bands, identified by location. These included the following:
Through the treaty process with the United States, the Pillager Band were settled on reservations in north-central Minnesota. A majority were placed on the following three reservations, established under the 1855 Treaty of Washington :
Through additional treaties with the United States, the Leech Lake and Lake Winnibigoshish reservations were nearly doubled in size in the late nineteenth century. When the White Earth Reservation was created in 1867, the western Pillagers living about Otter Tail Lake agreed to relocate to that reservation so they would no longer be landless. In 1934, the Cass Lake, Lake Winnibigoshish and Leech Lake Pillagers, together with the White Oak Point Reservation of the Mississippi Chippewa and the Removable Lake Superior Chippewa Bands of the Chippewa Reservation, agreed to a merger and re-organization. Together, these central Minnesota peoples formed today's Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, consolidated chiefly on the Leech Lake Indian Reservation. The successors apparent of the Pillagers are:
In turn, that year the Leech Lake and White Earth bands participated in writing a constitution for a new tribal government. They were two of six bands that formed the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe for their overall government and services within the area of the state.
