Plastic optical fiber


Plastic optical fiber or polymer optical fibre is an optical fiber that is made out of polymer. Similar to glass optical fiber, POF transmits light through the core of the fiber. Its chief advantage over the glass product, other aspect being equal, is its robustness under bending and stretching.

History

Since 2014 a full family of PHY transceivers have been available in the market enabling the design and manufacturing of home networking equipment delivering Gigabit speeds into the home.
One of the most exciting developments in polymer fibers has been the development of microstructured polymer optical fibers, a type of photonic crystal fiber.

Materials

Traditionally, PMMA comprises the core, and fluorinated polymers are the cladding material. Since the late 1990s much higher performance graded-index fiber based on amorphous fluoropolymer has begun to appear in the marketplace.
Polymer optical fibers are typically manufactured using extrusion, in contrast to the method of pulling used for glass fibers.

Characteristics of PMMA POF

Data networks

POF has been called the "consumer" optical fiber because the fiber and associated optical links, connectors, and installation are all inexpensive. Due to the attenuation and distortion characteristics of PMMA fibers, they are commonly used for low-speed, short-distance applications in digital home appliances, home networks, industrial networks, and car networks. The perfluorinated polymer fibers are commonly used for much higher-speed applications such as data center wiring and building LAN wiring.
In relation to the future requirements of high-speed home networking, there has been an increasing interest in POF as a possible option for next-generation Gigabit/s links inside the home. To this end, several European Research projects are active, such as POF-ALL and POF-PLUS .

Sensors

Polymer optical fibers can be used for remote sensing and multiplexing due to their low cost and high resistance.
It is possible to write fiber Bragg gratings in single and multimode POF. There are advantages in doing this over using silica fiber since the POF can be stretched further without breaking, some applications are described in the PHOSFOS project page.

Standards

Optical fiber used in telecommunications is governed by European Standards EN 60793-2-40-2011.
Several standardization bodies at country, European, and worldwide levels are currently developing Gigabit communication standards for POF aimed towards home networking applications. It is expected the release at the beginning of 2012.
An IEEE study group and later task force has been meeting since then until the publication on 2017 of the IEEE802.3bv Amendment. IEEE 802.3bv defines a 1 Gigabit/s full duplex transmission over SI-POF using red LED. It is called 1000BASE-RH.
This Gigabit POF IEEE standard is based on multilevel PAM modulation a frame structure, Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding and Multilevel coset coding modulation. The combination of all these techniques has proven to be an efficient way of achieving low-cost implementations at the same time that the transmission theoretical maximum capacity of the POF is approached.
Other alternatives are schemes like DMT, PAM-2 NRZ, DFE equalization or PAM-4. VDE standard was published in 2013. After the publication the IEEE asked VDE to withdraw the specification and bring all the effort to IEEE. VDE withdrew the specification and a CFI was presented to IEEE in March 2014.

Literature