Prince Li (禮)
Prince Li of the First Rank, or simply Prince Li, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty. It was also one of the 12 "iron-cap" princely peerages in the Qing dynasty, which meant that the title could be passed down without being downgraded.
The first bearer of the title was Daišan, the second son of Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing dynasty. He was awarded the title in 1636 by his half-brother, Huangtaiji, who succeeded their father as the ruler of the Qing Empire. The peerage was renamed to Prince Xun of the First Rank in 1651 during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor, and to Prince Kang of the First Rank in 1659, before it was renamed back to Prince Li of the First Rank in 1778. The peerage was passed down over 12 generations and held by 15 persons. Of the 15 princes, two held the title as Prince Xun, four held the title as Prince Kang, while the remaining nine held the title as Prince Li.
Members of the Prince Li / Prince Xun / Prince Kang peerage
- Daišan, Nurhaci's second son, held the title Prince Li of the First Rank from 1636 to 1648, posthumously honoured as Prince Li Lie of the First Rank
- *1st son: Yoto, Prince Cheng of the First Rank
- **Members of Prince Keqin peerage
- *2nd son: Šoto, held the title of a beile from 1626. He was acting the title of a beizi from 1634 to 1639. He was demoted to the title of bulwark duke from 1639 to 1640. He was demoted to a commoner in 1643 due to seeking legislation for Dorgon with Adali, Prince Ying of the First Rank.
- **3 sons: Laka, Kilanbu & Yosaibu
- *3rd son: Sahalin, Prince Ying of the First Rank
- **Members of Prince Ying peerage & Prince Shuncheng peerage
- *4th son: Wakeda, Prince Qian of the Second Rank
- **Members of Prince Qian peerage
- *5th son: Balama
- *6th son: Mazhan, held the title of a bulwark duke from 1636 to 1638. He had not male heir.
- *7th son: Mandahai, he held the title of a bulwark duke from 1641 to 1644. Then, he was promoted to the title of a beizi from 1644 to 1649. He succeeded the title Prince Li of the First Rank from 1649 to 1652, posthumously honoured as Prince Xun Jian of the First Rank. His posthumous name changed to a title of a beile.
- **1 Chang'adai, he succeeded the title Prince Xun of the First Rank from 1652 to 1659. He later held the title of a beile from 1659 to 1665 due to his father's posthumously demotion. He was posthumously honoured as Prince Xun Huaimin of the First Rank. He was succeeded by his 6th son, Xingni as a beizi.
- ***1st son: Suojing
- ***2nd son: Xilengtu, held the title of a grace general.
- ***3rd son: Shixian, held the title of a grace general.
- ***4th son: Guangchang, held the title of a grace general.
- ***5th son: Xichang, a former grace general.
- ***6th son: Xingni, a former beizi & grace bulwark duke. He succeeded his father as a beizi.
- **2nd son: Lengsaiyi
- *8th son: Hūse, held the title of a grace defender duke from 1645 to 1646, posthumously honoured as Prince Kang Huishun of the First Rank in 1653 after Giyesu held the title of "Prince Kang of the Second Rank". His 2nd son, Jinggi succeeded him as a grace defender duke.
- **1st son: Alin
- **2nd son: Jinggi, he succeeded his father as a grace defender duke from 1646 and promoted as a second-rank prince under the title of Prince Kang of the Second Rank. He was posthumously honoured as Prince Kang Huaimin of the Second Rank.
- **3rd son: Giyesu, he initially succeeded his brother, Jinggi, under the title Prince Kang of the Second Rank from 1649 to 1659. He succeeded the peerage of Prince Li from 1659 to 1697 under the title of Prince Kang of the First Rank, posthumously honoured as Prince Kang Liang of the First Rank.
- ***1st son Nitaha, a former third class bulwark general.
- ***2nd son: Yantai
- ***3rd son: Zha'ertu, held the title of a third class bulwark general.
- ***4th son: Ba'ertu, initially held the title of a third class bulwark general in 1693. He succeeded the title Prince Kang of the First Rank from 1734 to 1753, posthumously honoured as Prince Kang Jian of the First Rank
- ****1st son: Mozhang, held the title of a supporter general.
- ****2nd son: Mocun, a sixth-rank officer.
- ****3rd son: Mocheng
- ****4th son: Moben, held the title of a supporter general.
- ****5th, 6th & 7th son: Mohong, Mowen & Mosheng
- ****8th son: Moyun, held the title of a third class defender general.
- ****9th, 10th, 11th & 12th son: Moshou, Moyu, Moyao & Motai
- ****13th son: Mogong, held the title of a second class supporter general.
- ****14th son: Mojing, held the title of a third class supporter general.
- ****15th son: Modian, a former second class bulwark general.
- ****16th son: Morui
- ****17th son: Moguang, held the title of a first class bulwark general.
- ****18th & 19th son: Moshun & Mojian
- ****20th son: Moxian, held the title of a second class bulwark general.
- ****21st & 22nd son: Moxun & Moling
- ****23rd son: Moliang, held the title of a third class defender general.
- ****24th son: Mohao
- ***5th son: Chuntai, succeeded the title Prince Kang of the First Rank from 1697 to 1709, posthumously honoured as Prince Kang Dao of the First Rank
- ****Chong'an, succeeded the title Prince Kang of the First Rank from 1709 to 1733, posthumously honoured as Prince Kangxiu of the First Rank
- *****1st son: Kuifu
- *****2nd son: Yong'en, He held the title of a beile from 1734 to 1753, when his uncle, Ba'ertu succeeded the title of Prince Kang of the First Rank. He succeeded the peerage under the title Prince Li of the First Rank from 1753 to 1805, posthumously honoured as Prince Li Gong of the First Rank
- ******Zhaolian, succeeded the title Prince Li of the First Rank from 1805 to 1816, his title stripped in 1816 and house arrested for 3 years.
- *******Xirui
- *****3rd son: Yonghui, held the title of a defender general from 1749, posthumously honoured as Prince Li of the First Rank in 1817 after his son succeeded the peerage.
- ******1st son: Linzhi, Yonghui's son, succeeded the title Prince Li of the First Rank from 1817 to 1821, posthumously honoured as Prince Li'an of the First Rank
- *******Xichun, posthumously honoured as Prince Li of the First Rank after his son, Quanling succeeded the peerage.
- ********1st son: Quanling, He held the title of a grace general from 1820. He succeeded the title Prince Li of the First Rank from 1821 to 1850. He served as banner leader of Bordered Red in 1839. He was posthumously honoured as 'Prince Li He of the First Rank
- *********1st & 2nd son: Yukun & Shize
- *********3rd son: Shiduo, succeeded the title Prince Li of the First Rank from 1850 to 1914, posthumously honoured as Prince Li Ke of the First Rank
- ********** Chenghou, succeeded the title Prince Li of the First Rank from 1914 to 1917, posthumously honoured as Prince Li Dun of the First Rank
- *********4th son: Shihua
- ********2nd son: Quanchang, a third class imperial bodyguards.
- *********Yuding
- **********Chengkun, adopted as Shiduo's son, succeeded the title Prince Li of the First Rank from 1917 to 1929.
- ***********Junming, Chenghou's adoptive son, succeeded the title Prince Li of the First Rank from 1929 to 1945.
- ********3rd son: Quancheng
- ******2nd, 3rd & 4th son Maoxun, Maoji & Maozheng
Family tree