Process area (CMMI)


The Capability Maturity Model Integration defines a Process Area as, "A cluster of related practices in an area that, when implemented collectively, satisfies a set of goals considered important for making improvement in that area." Both CMMI for Development v1.3 and CMMI for Acquisition v1.3 identify 22 process areas, whereas CMMI for Services v1.3 identifies 24 process areas. Many of the process areas are the same in these three models.

Process Area Organization

In CMMI models, the process areas are organized in alphabetical order according to their acronym. However, process areas can be grouped according to maturity levels or process area categories.

Maturity Levels: CMMI for Development

There are Five maturity levels. However, maturity level ratings are awarded for levels 2 through 5. The process areas below and their maturity levels are listed for the CMMI for Development model:
Maturity Level 2 - Managed
Maturity Level 3 - Defined
Maturity Level 4 - Quantitatively Managed
Maturity Level 5 - Optimizing
The process areas below and their maturity levels are listed for the CMMI for Services model:
Maturity Level 2 - Managed
Maturity Level 3 - Defined
Maturity Level 4 - Quantitatively Managed
Maturity Level 5 - Optimizing
The process areas below and their maturity levels are listed for the CMMI for Acquisition model:
Maturity Level 2 - Managed
Maturity Level 3 - Defined
Maturity Level 4 - Quantitatively Managed
Maturity Level 5 - Optimizing
There are two categories of goals and practices: generic and specific. Specific goals and practices are specific to a process area. Generic goals and practices are a part of every process area. A process area is satisfied when organizational processes cover all of the generic and specific goals and practices for that process area.

Generic Goals and Practices

Generic goals and practices are a part of every process area.
Each process area is defined by a set of goals and practices. These goals and practices appear only in that process area.

Process Areas

CMMI for Development, Version 1.2 contains 22 process areas indicating the aspects of product and service development that are to be covered by organizational processes. For a summary of process areas for each model, see these quick reference documents available on the SEI website:
Purpose
The purpose of Agreement Management is to ensure that the supplier and the acquirer perform according to the terms of the supplier agreement.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Capacity and Availability Management is to ensure effective service system performance and
ensure that resources are provided and used effectively to support service requirements.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Causal Analysis and Resolution is to identify causes of selected outcomes and take action to improve process performance.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Configuration Management is to establish and maintain the integrity of work products using configuration identification, configuration control, configuration status accounting, and configuration audits.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Decision Analysis and Resolution is to analyze possible decisions using a formal evaluation process that evaluates identified alternatives against established criteria.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Integrated Project Management is to establish and manage the project and the involvement of relevant stakeholders according to an integrated and defined process that is tailored from the organization's set of standard processes.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Measurement and Analysis is to develop and sustain a measurement capability used to support management information needs.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Organizational Process Definition is to establish and maintain a usable set of organizational process assets, work environment standards, and rules and guidelines for teams.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Organizational Process Focus is to plan, implement, and deploy organizational process improvements based on a thorough understanding of current strengths and weaknesses of the organization's processes and process assets.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Organizational Performance Management is to proactively manage the organization's performance to meet its business objectives.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Organizational Process Performance is to establish and maintain a quantitative understanding of the performance of selected processes in the organization's set of standard processes in support of achieving quality and process performance objectives, and to provide process performance data, baselines, and models to quantitatively manage the organization's projects.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Organizational Training is to develop skills and knowledge of people so they can perform their roles effectively and efficiently.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Product Integration is to assemble the product from the product components, ensure that the product, as integrated, behaves properly, and deliver the product.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Project Monitoring and Control is to provide an understanding of the project's progress so that appropriate corrective actions can be taken when the project's performance deviates significantly from the plan.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Project Planning is to establish and maintain plans that define project activities.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Process and Product Quality Assurance is to provide staff and management with objective insight into processes and associated work products.
Specific Practices by Goal'''
Purpose
The purpose of the Quantitative Project Management process area is to quantitatively manage the project to achieve the project's established quality and process performance objectives.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Requirements Development is to elicit, analyze, and establish customer, product, and product component requirements.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Requirements Management is to manage requirements of the project's products and product components and to ensure alignment between those requirements and the project's plans and work products.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Risk Management is to identify potential problems before they occur so that risk handling activities can be planned and invoked as needed across the life of the product or project to mitigate adverse impacts on achieving objectives.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Supplier Agreement Management is to manage the acquisition of products from suppliers.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Technical Solution is to select design and implement solutions to requirements. Solutions, designs, and implementations encompass products, product components, and product related lifecycle processes either singly or in combination as appropriate.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Validation is to demonstrate that a product or product component fulfills its intended use when placed in its intended environment.
Specific Practices by Goal
Purpose
The purpose of Verification is to ensure that selected work products meet their specified requirements.
Specific Practices by Goal
Only changes made to the set of Process Areas are considered here. For more information about the changes made to Version 1.2, see the or for the definitive list of changes, take the .
Some significant improvements in CMMI-DEV, V1.3 include the following:
For a more complete and detailed list of improvements, see http://www.sei.cmu.edu/cmmi/tools/cmmiv1-3/comparison.cfm. An overview of the changes is described in http://www.benlinders.com/2011/cmmi-v1-3-summing-up/.

Process Areas, Categories, and Maturity Levels

Table: Process Areas, Categories, and Maturity Levels
Process Area Abbreviation Category Maturity Level
Causal Analysis and Resolution CAR Support 5
Configuration Management CM Support 2
Decision Analysis and Resolution DAR Support 3
Integrated Project Management IPM Project Management 3
Measurement and Analysis MA Support 2
Organizational Process Definition OPD Process Management 3
Organizational Process Focus OPF Process Management 3
Organizational Performance Management OPM Process Management 5
Organizational Process Performance OPP Process Management 4
Organizational Training OT Process Management 3
Product Integration PI Engineering 3
Project Monitoring and Control PMC Project Management 2
Project Planning PP Project Management 2
Process and Product Quality Assurance PPQA Support 2
Quantitative Project Management QPM Project Management 4
Requirements Development RD Engineering 3
Requirements Management REQM Project Management 2
Risk Management RSKM Project Management 3
Supplier Agreement Management SAM Project Management 2
Technical Solution TS Engineering 3
Validation VAL Engineering 3
Verification VER Engineering 3

Official sources