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Protonosphere
The
protonosphere
is a
layer
of the
Earth's atmosphere
where the
dominant
components
are
atomic hydrogen
and
ionic hydrogen
. It is the
outer part
of the
ionosphere
, and
extends
to the
interplanetary medium
.
Hydrogen
dominates
in the outermost
layers
because it is the lightest
gas
, and in the
heterosphere
,
mixing
is not
strong
enough
to
overcome
differences
in
constituent
gas
densities
.
Charged particles
are created by
incoming
ionizing radiation
, mostly from
solar radiation
.