Aurelius Prudentius Clemens was a RomanChristianpoet, born in the Roman province of Tarraconensis in 348. He probably died in the Iberian Peninsula some time after 405, possibly around 413. The place of his birth is uncertain, but it may have been Caesaraugusta, Tarraco, or Calagurris.
Life
Prudentius practiced law with some success, and was twice provincial governor, perhaps in his native country, before the emperor Theodosius I summoned him to court. Towards the end of his life Prudentius retired from public life to become an ascetic, fasting until evening and abstaining entirely from animal food; and writing poems, hymns, and controversial works in defence of Christianity. Prudentius later collected the Christian poems written during this period and added a preface, which he himself dated 405.
Poetry
The poetry of Prudentius is influenced by early Christian authors, such as Tertullian and St. Ambrose, as well as the Bible and the acts of the martyrs. His hymnDa, puer, plectrum and the hymn for EpiphanyO sola magnarum urbium, both from the Cathemerinon, are still in use today. The allegorical Psychomachia, however, is his most influential work, incorporating as it did elements of both Hellenic epic and inner psychological conflict. It became the inspiration and wellspring of medieval allegorical literature, its influence exceeding its intrinsic artistic merit. In the battle between virtue and vice, full weight is given to the power of Luxuria, “Flowershod and swaying from the wine cup, Every step a fragrance”. With her attendants Beauty and Pleasure, and her weapons of rose-petals and violets, she succeeds in swaying the army of Virtue “in surrender to love”, before succumbing to ultimate defeat.
Influence
With his merger of Christianity with classical culture, Prudentius was one of the most popular medieval authors, being aligned as late as the 13th century alongside such figures as Horace and Statius in Henri d'Andeli's Battle of the Seven Arts between Grammar and Logic.
Works
The list of Prudentius's works given in the preface to his autobiography mentions the hymns, poems against the Priscillianists and against Symmachus and Peristephanon. The Diptychon is not mentioned. The twelve hymns of the Cathemerinon liber consist of six for daily use, five for festivals, and one intended for every hour of the day. The specific works include:
Liber Cathemerinon -- comprises 12 lyric poems on various times of the day and on church festivals.
:la:Prudentii Peristephanon|Liber Peristephanon -- contains 14 lyric poems on Spanish and Roman martyrs. Some were suggested to Prudentius by sacred images in churches or by the inscriptions of Pope Damasus I.
Hamartigenia -- attacks the Gnosticdualism of Marcion and his followers. In this and the Apotheosis, Tertullian is the source of inspiration.
Psychomachia -- describes the struggle of faith, supported by the cardinal virtues, against idolatry and the corresponding vices.
Libri contra Symmachum -- oppose the pagansenator Symmachus's requests that the altar of Victory, which had been removed by Gratian, be restored to the Senate house.
Dittochæon -- contains 49 quatrains intended as captions for the murals of a basilica in Rome.
