between the Kingdom of Prussia, Austrian Empire and the Russian Empire. In 1914, with the onset of World War I, those powers found themselves on separate sides, and all tried to recruit Poles into their ranks, promising increased autonomy after the warin return. In the Russian Empire, efforts of Witold Ostoja-Gorczyński, supported by the command of the Southwestern Front, resulted in a growing group of Polish volunteers gathering from October and November 1914 first at Chełm and Brest, and later at Puławy. This initiative, supported by the Polish National Democrats, was also aimed at countering the initiative of Józef Piłsudski, who was forming his own Polish Legions under the supervision of the Austro-Hungarian Army. The organization of the formation was delayed due to logistical problems. In January 1915 Polish National Committee threw its support behind the initiative, and colonel Antoni Reutt was nominated for the organization's commander. As the numbers of volunteers were growing, a second legion was created in Lublin. A cavalry formation was also being created. The formation was officially known as the Polish Legion, and was subordinate to the LIX Defense Brigade of General Piotr Szymanowski. Later, in a reorganization, the Legions were renamed. By January 1915 the Legion has finished organizing, at that time numbering about 1,000 volunteers; an equivalent of an Imperial Russian Army infantry battalion. It was however still plagued by logistical problems. There were also problems with the transfer of volunteers from other Russian Imperial formation, and the project to recruit volunteers from Polish prisoners of war from the Austro-Hungarian Army was refused. The Puławy Legion was deployed to the frontlines on 20 March 1915; at that time it was taken out from under general Szymanowski and was assigned to the Moscow Grenadier Corps under general Mrozowski. The Lublin Legion was never deployed to the frontlines, instead it was used to replenish the losses of the Puławy Legion. The formation was to be used in combat against the German Empire, but morale was affected by the rumors it would be used against Austria-Hungary and its Polish Legions. The formation fought in several battles:
During that period, the Legion sustained heavy casualties – 415 dead and 1,016 wounded. Eventually, the Legion was disbanded in October 1915; some troops joined the newly forming Polish Rifle Brigade. The reorganization was a result of efforts by Colonel Rządkowaski and others aiming at increasing the size of the Polish forces in the Russian Army.
