The pupil premium is a grant given by the government to schools in England to decrease the attainment gap for the most disadvantaged children, whether by income or by family upheaval. For each pupil who is eligible for free school meals, their school receives £1,320 or £935. Schools receive an extra premium of £1,900 for pupils:
were in care in the last year, which ceased by virtue of a special guardianship order, residence order or Child Arrangement Order.
Service children also receive an allocation of £300, if a parent is serving in the armed forces or is in receipt of a service pension. The pupil premium was in the 2010 Liberal Democrat manifesto and it was introduced in 2011 by the Conservative—Liberal Democrat coalition government, with the Liberal Democrats being the primary advocate for it, at £488 per pupil. It increased to £600 per pupil in 2012–13 and eligibility was extended to pupils who have been eligible for free school meals at any point in the last six years.
Audit
Schools in receipt of the pupil premium grant are required to account for its use and report this on their websites, and with specific reference to how it is used to help disadvantaged pupils, as part of the OFSTED inspection framework. Ofsted will recommend that a school should conduct an independent pupil premium review if, as a result of a section 5 inspection, it has identified specific issues regarding the provision for disadvantaged pupils.
Effectiveness
The Department for Education published an evaluation of the introduction of the pupil premium by the University of Manchester and Newcastle University in 2013 which reviewed how schools were identifying and targeting disadvantaged pupils for support. The think tankDemos published an analysis in January 2015. They claim that, since 2011, for free school meals-eligible pupils, whose number has grown significantly, the attainment gap has widened, whereas it has narrowed for those in local authority care. It noted the number of free school meal-eligible pupils who achieved 5 GCSEs at grades A*-C was 33.7%, compared to 60.7% for non-eligible students ; with lower relative attainment by 27 percent of such students. It added the gap widened by 0.3% since 2013. This follows a similar widening in its previous report. However it noted in the same period overall attainment has increased significantly. The Department for Education has disputed Demos' analysis, its spokesman stating: "It is nonsense to say that the attainment gap is widening. The 2014 results – when analysed with our more informative and accurate measure – show the gap has narrowed by almost 4 per cent since 2012, the year after the pupil premium was introduced." The Sutton Trust reviewed the impact of the introduction of the pupil premium in 2015.
