Pyritinol


Pyritinol also called pyridoxine disulfide or pyrithioxine is a semi-synthetic water-soluble analog of vitamin B6. It was produced in 1961 by Merck Laboratories by bonding 2 vitamin B6 compounds together with a disulfide bridge. Since the 1970s, it has been a prescription and OTC drug in several countries for cognitive disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and learning disorders in children. Since the early 1990s it has been sold as a nootropic dietary supplement in the United States.

Availability

It is approved for "symptomatic treatment of chronically impaired brain function in dementia syndromes" and for "supportive treatment of sequelae of craniocerebral trauma" in various European countries, including Austria, Germany, France, Italy, Portugal, and Greece. In France it is also approved for rheumatoid arthritis as a disease modifying drug, on the basis of the results of clinical trials. In many countries it is available over the counter and is widely advertised on the internet as being for "memory disturbances."

Effects

One small study, with 12 subjects given pyritinol, showed an improvement in performance on tests of reaction time, but not on memory tests.
Some studies have found large doses of Pyritinol can help to reduce hangovers.
Showed improvement over placebo in those with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and multi-infarct dementia.
In healthy adults it improved several measure of cognition treating in one placebo controlled study.

Adverse effects

Adverse effects include nausea, headache, and rarely allergic reaction. A 2004 survey of six case reports suggested a link between pyritinol and severe cholestatic hepatitis when on several drugs for certain diseases.
Other rare side effects: acute pancreatitis and photoallergic eruption.