Qadiyat
Qadiyat or Qaziyat in Islam is a territorial division associated with a qadi; in some cases subordinate to the mufti and muftiate. In analogy to Christianity, a qadiyat would be considered a diocese.
As Sunni Islam does not prescribe any formal hierarchy or priesthood, qadiyats are primarily found in European- and Central Asian Islamic organizations, particularly in south-eastern Europe and countries deriving from the former Soviet Union.
In Russia and in other parts of the former Soviet Union, a muhtasibat is directly subordinate to a qadiyat.
The Ottoman empire had a similar territorial division called a kadiluk, which was more concerned with justice and taxation than religion.
