Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay, also known as R D Banerji was an eminent Indian Archaeologist & Museum expert. He was the Manindra Chandra Nandy Professor of Ancient Indian History and Culture at the Banaras Hindu University from 1928–30. He is mostly known as the discoverer of Mohenjo-daro, the principal site of the Harappa culture.
Bandyopadhyay joined the Indian Museum in Calcutta as an Assistant to the Archaeological Section in 1910. He joined the Archaeological Survey of India as Assistant Superintendent in 1911, and was promoted to the rank of Superintending Archaeologist of the Western Circle in 1917. In 1924, he was transferred to the Eastern Circle and took part in the excavations at Paharpur. He took voluntary retirement in 1926. After teaching at the University of Calcutta, he later joined the Banaras Hindu University in 1928 and held the post till his premature death on 23 May 1930. Bandyopadhyay's first major independent professional work was in the fields of palaeography and epigraphy. He won the Jubilee Research Prize of the Calcutta University for The Origin of the Bengali Script published in 1919. He was the first to study the proto-Bangla script, the original form of Bangla script. He wrote the classic historical works on medieval Indian coins, and the standard works on the iconography of Indian art, in particular Gupta sculpture and architecture. His best known work was Eastern Indian Medieval School of Sculpture, published posthumously in 1933.
Bandyopadhyay is popular for unearthing pre-Buddhist artifacts at the ruins at Mohenjo-Daro; for noting similarities between the site at Mohenjo-Daro and Harrappa. Those discoveries lead to excavations at the two sites that established the existence of the then-unknown Bronze AgeIndus Valley Civilisation. His interpretations of this civilisation were published in a number of articles and books: "An Indian City Five Thousand Years Ago" ; "Mohenjo-Daro" ; Prehistoric, Ancient and Hindu India and Mahenjo-Daro – A Forgotten Report.
Works
Bandyopadhyay wrote two textbooks for Calcutta University, namely, History of India and A Junior History of India. His The Age of the Imperial Guptas is a collection of lectures delivered by him in 1924. His standard two-volume Bangalar Itihas in Bengali was one of the first attempts at writing a scientific history of Bengal. He also wrote two volumes on the history of Orissa, titled History of Orissa from the Earliest Times to the British Period. His other significant non-fiction works include, Prachin Mudra, The Palas of Bengal, The Temple of Siva at Bhumara, The Paleography of Hati Gumpha and Nanaghat Inscriptions, Bas Reliefs of Badami and The Haihayas of Tripuri and their Monuments. Having published three novels, Pakshantar, Byatikram and Anukram, his other literary works in Bengali language were historical fictions. The setting of his Pashaner Katha is Kushana period. His three other novels, namely, Dhruba, Karuna and Shashanka are set in the different phases of the Gupta period. His Dharmapala narrates the story of the Pala emperor Dharmapala. Mayukh describes the Portuguese atrocities in Bengal during the reign of Shahjahan. Asim narrates the condition of Bengal during the reign of Farrukhsiyar. His last novel, Lutf-Ulla is set in Delhi at the time of the invasion by Nadir Shah. Another fictional work, Hemkana was published in Prabasi magazine from 1911–12. A number of his novels were translated into other Indian languages.
