RAF Colerne
Royal Air Force Colerne or more simply RAF Colerne is a former Royal Air Force station located on the outskirts of the village of Colerne in Wiltshire, in use from 1939 to 1976.
The site is now known as Azimghur Barracks and is home to 21 Signal Regiment, Royal Signals and 93 Air Training Corps detached flight.
History
Second World War
Originally there had been a farm called Doncombe and a vineyard on the site of the airfield, the name of Doncombe Lane and Doncombe Hill being the last link to the farm.From 1940 to 1955 RAF Fighter Command units were based here. During the Battle of Britain the airfield served as a satellite field to RAF Middle Wallop, and squadrons rotated back and forth from there on a daily basis.
Later it was a Training station for Night Fighter navigators. Using the latest night fighter procedures, the unit involved was No. 238 Operational Conversion Unit and Bristol Brigand twin engine aircraft was used for this purpose. Also on this unit they operated Bristol Buckmaster Aircraft for Pilot Training, and a number of Boulton Paul Balliol aircraft which basically was an advanced pilot trainer powered by a Rolls Royce Merlin engine. Both the Pilot and Trainee sat side by side in the wide fuselage and the Balliols were used as targets for the Brigand aircraft to practice radar interceptions on.
Squadron | Equipment | From | To | Departed To | Notes |
No. 19 Squadron RAF | Supermarine Spitfire VB | 23 July 1942 | 31 July 1942 | RAF Perranporth | |
No. 29 Squadron RAF | de Havilland Mosquito XIIII/XXX | 22 February 1945 | 11 May 1945 | RAF Manston | |
No. 87 Squadron RAF | Hawker Hurricane I Hurricane IIC | 28 November 1940 7 August 1941 | 18 December 1940 27 January 1942 | RAF Charmy Down | Detachment at RAF Charmy Down. Det at RAF St Mary's. |
No. 89 Squadron RAF | Bristol Beaufighter IF | 25 September 1941 | 19 November 1941 | en route Egypt | Reformed here. |
No. 118 Squadron RAF | Spitfire IIA | 7 April 1941 | 9 April 1941 | RAF Warmwell | |
No. 124 Squadron RAF | Spitfire VII | March 1943 | 26 July 1943 | RAF Northolt | As an detachment from RAF North Weald. |
No. 125 Squadron RAF | Boulton Paul Defiant I Defiant II Beaufighter IIF | 16 June 1941 25 January 1942 | 7 August 1941 14 May 1942 | RAF Charmy Down RAF Fairwood Common | Full Squadron Det at RAF Fairwood Common Det at RAF Charmy Down. |
No. 131 Squadron RAF | Spitfire IX Spitfire VII | 10 February 1944 29 February 1944 | 22 February 1944 24 March 1944 | RAF Fairwood Common Harrowbeer | |
No. 137 Squadron RAF | Hurricane IV Hawker Typhoon IB | 2 January 1944 | 4 February 1944 | RAF Lympne | |
No. 151 Squadron RAF | Defiant I Mosquito II/XII/VI/XIII | 30 April 1943 17 November 1943 | 16 August 1943 25 March 1944 | RAF Middle Wallop RAF Predannack | |
No. 165 Squadron RAF | Spitfire VC/IXB | 10 February 1944 7 March 1944 | 1 March 1944 10 March 1944 | RAF Fairwood Common RAF Culmhead | |
No. 175 Squadron RAF | Hurricane IIB Typhoon IB | 8 April 1943 | 29 May 1943 | RAF Lasham | |
No. 183 Squadron RAF | Typhoon IB | 24 March 1943 | 8 April 1943 | RAF Gatwick | |
No. 184 Squadron RAF | Hurricane IID | 1 December 1942 | 1 March 1943 | RAF Chilbolton | Det at RAF Milfield. |
No. 219 Squadron RAF | Mosquito XVII | 26 March 1944 | 1 April 1944 | RAF Bradwell Bay | |
No. 256 Squadron RAF | Defiant I | 6 February 1941 | 26 March 1941 | RAF Squires Gate | Det at RAF Middle Wallop. |
No. 263 Squadron RAF | Westland Whirlwind I | 28 January 1942 15 August 1942 | 10 February 1942 13 September 1942 | RAF Fairwood Common RAF Warmwell | |
No. 264 Squadron RAF | Defiant II Mosquito II Mosquito XIII | 1 May 1942 30 November 1944 | 30 April 1943 1 December 1944 | RAF Odiham | |
No. 285 Squadron RAF | Defiant III Martinet I | 25 August 1943 | 19 November 1944 | RAF Andover | As an detachment from RAF Woodvale. |
No. 286 Squadron RAF | Miles Master III Defiant III/I Hurricane I Airspeed Oxford | 30 December 1941 2 March 1942 | 24 January 1942 30 April 1942 | RAF Lulsgate Bottom RAF Lulsgate Bottom | |
No. 307 Polish Night Fighter Squadron | Defiant I | 26 March 1941 | 26 April 1941 | RAF Exeter | |
No. 316 Polish Fighter Squadron | Hurricane I/IIA/IIB | 18 June 1941 | 2 August 1941 | RAF Northolt | |
No. 317 Polish Fighter Squadron | Hurricane I | 26 June 1941 | 27 June 1941 | RAF Fairwood Common | |
No. 402 Squadron RAF | Hurricane IB Spitfire VB | 4 March 1942 | 17 March 1942 | RAF Fairwood Common | |
No. 406 Squadron RAF | Mosquito XXX | 17 September 1944 | 27 November 1944 | RAF Manston | |
No. 410 Squadron RAF | Mosquito XIII/XXX | 28 July 1944 | 9 September 1944 | RAF Hunsdon | |
No. 417 Squadron RAF | Spitfire IIA/VB | 26 January 1942 | 24 February 1942 | RAF Tain | |
No. 456 Squadron RAAF | Beaufighter IIF/VIF Mosquito II Mosquito VI | December 1942 17 August 1943 | 29 March 1943 17 November 1943 | RAF Middle Wallop RAF Fairwood Common | |
No. 488 Squadron RNZAF | Mosquito XIII | 3 May 1944 29 July 1944 | 12 May 1944 9 October 1944 | RAF Zeals RAF Hunsdon | |
No. 501 Squadron RAF | Spitfire I/IIA | 9 April 1941 | 25 June 1941 | RAF Chilbolton | |
No. 504 Squadron RAF | Spitfire IXE Meteor III | 28 March 1945 | 10 August 1945 | Disbanded | Dets at RAF Andrews Field and Lübeck. |
No. 587 Squadron RAF | Oxford Hawker Henley III Hurricane IV Miles Martinet Hurricane IIC | 10 April 1944 | 1 October 1944 | RAF Weston Zoyland | As an detachment from RAF Culmhead. |
No. 600 Squadron RAF | Beaufighter IIF | 27 April 1941 27 June 1941 | 18 June 1941 6 October 1941 | RAF Fairwood Common RAF Predannack | Det at RAF Predannack. |
No. 604 Squadron RAF | Mosquito XIII Mosquito XII | 13 July 1944 28 July 1944 | 25 July 1944 6 August 1944 | RAF Zeals A-8 Picauville | Det at A-15 Maupertus. |
No. 616 Squadron RAF | Meteor I/III | 17 January 1945 | 28 February 1945 | RAF Andrews Field | Det at B 58 Melsbroek. |
The following units were here during the Second World War:
- Aircraft Delivery Flight, Colerne RAF became No. 2 Aircraft Delivery Flight RAF
- No. 2 Supplementary School of Technical Training RAF
- No. 10 Group Communication Flight RAF
- No. 27 Group Communication Flight RAF
- No. 1454 Flight RAF
- No. 1457 Flight RAF
- No. 1487 Gunnery Flight RAF
- No. 1498 Flight RAF
- Fortress Flight RAF
- Special Installation Flight RAF
Cold War
After this period it became a Transport Command airfield, and Handley Page Hastings aircraft were flown from RAF Colerne. After the demise of the Hastings and the delivery of the new Lockheed C-130 Hercules being introduced to the RAF Air Support Command, the front line transport role was relinquished. The Hercules were based at RAF Lyneham and for many years major servicing of the Hercules was carried out at RAF Colerne by the Air Engineering Squadron until the station closed in 1976. C-130 Hercules aircraft XV198 crashed, killing all crew on board here in September 1973.
Colerne was also the home of No. 2 Field Squadron RAF Regiment from 1962 to 1975. For a number of years up until its closure as an RAF station it housed one of the RAF's regional collections of historic aircraft including Neville Duke's world record breaking Hawker Hunter and a rare example of the rocket-engined Messerschmitt Me 163 B, Werknummer 191904.
In 1985 the entire former RAF married quarter housing estate known as The Thickwood Estate was sold to Roger Byron-Collins company the Welbeck Estate Group. All 80 houses were upgraded and converted to civilan use.
Squadron | Equipment | From | To | Departed To | Notes |
No. 24 Squadron RAF | Handley Page Hastings C.1 | 1 January 1957 | 5 January 1968 | RAF Lyneham | |
No. 36 Squadron RAF | Hastings C.1/C.2 | 1 September 1958 | 1 July 1967 | RAF Lyneham | |
No. 74 Squadron RAF | Gloster Meteor F.3 | 15 February 1946 9 June 1946 | 2 June 1946 14 August 1946 | RAF Bentwaters RAF Horsham St Faith | |
No. 114 Squadron RAF | Hastings C.1/C.2 | 13 April 1959 | 30 September 1961 | Disbanded | Reformed here. |
No. 245 Squadron RAF | Meteor F.3 | 10 August 1945 | 18 February 1946 | RAF Fairwood Common | Reformed here. |
No. 511 Squadron RAF | Hastings C.1/C.2 | 1 May 1957 | 1 September 1958 | Disbanded | |
No. 662 Squadron RAF | Auster AOP 5/6/4 | 1 February 1949 | 10 March 1957 | Disbanded |
The following units were here during the Cold War:
- No. 3 Air Experience Flight RAF
- No. 24 Group Communication Flight RAF
- No. 62 Group Communication Flight RAF became Colerne Communication Squadron RAF
- No. 81 Group Communication Flight RAF
- No. 92 Gliding School RAF
- No. 228 Operational Conversion Unit RAF
- No. 1335 Conversion Unit RAF
- No. 1956 Air Observation Post Flight RAF
- No. 1963 Air Observation Post Flight RAF
- Airborne Interception School RAF
- Bristol University Air Squadron RAF
British Army units
The Regiment consisted of:-
30 Squadron RCT,
57 Squadron RCT and
90 Squadron RCT.
88 Coy RAOC.
Estranged from the regiment at Driffield in Yorkshire was 32 Driver Training Squadron RCT. Here young soldiers were sent to the ASMT at Defence School of Transport to be taught to drive the basic vehicles of the Army and to qualify as Driver Trade B3 before being posted to a full-time working regiment where their technical trade training would be continued.