Estrella Ureña was born November 10, 1889, in Santiago de los Caballeros. His mother was Juana Antonia Ureña Estévez and his father was Juan Baustista Estrella Durán, he had 1 brother. He later moved with his family to live in Santo Domingo, where he studied at the University of Santo Domingo. Estrella Ureña studied law, and during his college years he mixed with young fans of the doctrines of Puerto Rican independence advocate Eugenio María de Hostos, this made him change his thinking. Under Eladio Victoria's administration, Estrella Ureña adamantly opposed, and felt dissatisfaction with the assassination of President Ramón Cáceres. He then planned to conspire against Victoria, and with others, he founded the "Partido Liberal Reformista" or "Liberal Reformist Party" which had its fundamental ideology in the ideas of Eugenio María de Hostos. He was eventually imprisoned. On June 9, 1917 he married Tomasina Martínez Rodríguez and fathered 9 children. By 1924, Estrella Ureña fully supported Horacio Vásquez and heavily helped his presidential campaign. In 1925, he founded the Partido Republicano and was appointed to the department of Justice and Public Instruction. Estrella conspired with the Chief of the Armed Forces, Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, and together, they cut a deal. In return for letting Estrella take power, Trujillo would be allowed to run for president in new elections. As the rebels marched toward Santo Domingo, Vásquez ordered Trujillo to suppress them. However, feigning "neutrality," Trujillo kept his men in barracks, allowing Estrella's rebels to take the capital virtually unmolested. On March 3, Estrella was proclaimed acting president with Trujillo confirmed as head of the police and the army. As per their agreement, Trujillo became the presidential nominee of the newly-formed Patriotic Coalition of Citizens Vásquez is forced to resign along with his deputy, Dr. José Dolores Alfonseca. In 1930, Trujillo won the presidential elections and designated Estrella as his vice-president. In 1932, Estrella resigned from the vice-presidency; some say that it was on the pretext that relations between Estrella and Trujillo had become strained. He died in May 25, 1945 of a surgical procedure. It was rumored that Trujillo was the one who had hired the surgeon to ensure that Estrella was not to survive the operation. In response, Trujillo declared a state of mourning for three days.
