Rail transport in Iceland
Iceland does not have a public railway system. There have been three small railways, but none became part of the public transport network. The main reasons for the lack of railways are the small population, competition with automobile traffic, and the harsh environment. Proposals for railways in Iceland began in the early 1900s, with a proposed line between Reykjavík and Selfoss but these were abandoned. In the 2000s there were new proposals for both a light railway system in the Capital Region and an airport rail link to Keflavík.
Reykjavík Harbour Railway
The track network
Probably the most well-known Icelandic rail project, the Reykjavík Harbour Railway, of narrow gauge, operated from 1913 until 1928 for the construction of the harbour breakwaters. The railway operated from a quarry outside the city, Öskjuhlíð, from which it ran a short distance to a junction, passing loop, and sidings. This junction was located just south of a large field which became the Reykjavík city airport. From here one line ran to the west, around the western edge of the city, before proceeding along the newly constructed western harbour pier to the island of Effersey. Here a headshunt allowed trains to reverse along a further line, built out onto the outer harbour wall, and extended as that wall itself grew longer. From the first junction a second line ran east around farms to a locomotive depot just outside the city and on to a further junction where a short branch line led into a secondary quarrying site whilst the main line continued to a further junction on the edge of the docks. From here one line ran along the quayside whilst the other ran out along the eastern harbour wall.The locomotives
The railway was operated by two steam locomotives built by the Jung engine company of Germany, both of which have been preserved. Built in the 1890s in Germany, they worked briefly in Denmark before being imported to Iceland in 1913 for the harbour railway project. Locomotive Pioner is now a static exhibit at the Icelandic Folk Museum at Arbær, Árbær Museum, whilst locomotive Minør, after many years of storage in a Nissen hut under piles of rubbish, is now an open-air static exhibit in Reykjavík. A scale model of part of this railway, showing one of the locomotives at work, is displayed in the Reykjavík Maritime Museum. Minør was the first to be withdrawn, whilst Pioner continued to operate until the railway closed in 1928.The rolling stock
The mainstay vehicle of this railway was the four-wheeled open wagon. A large number of these wagons operated, and they were built with fully opening sides for loading and unloading. It is not thought that any of these vehicles has survived.Incidents
Iceland's first railway accident was on the Reykjavik Harbour Railway. Records at the Árbær Museum show that both locomotives of the Reykjavík Harbour Railway were involved in accidents between the two world wars. Pioner was deliberately derailed by vandals who placed a chain across the track and weighted down its two sides with rocks. They later claimed that they were testing the locomotive's performance as it had already survived their previous experiments of placing coins and planks on the track. Minør was involved in a genuine accident when a section of track gave way beneath the engine. This was later found to have been caused by rotten wooden sleepers supporting this section of track.Kárahnjúkar light railway
A diesel-operated light railway built in the early years of the 21st century in connection with the construction of the Kárahnjúkar hydro-electric power project. The railway consists of three trains, travelling around the clock. The three trains transported people, concrete and other items to keep the drilling machines running. The train sets consisted of white coloured locomotive and wagons. The trainsets were built by Schöma of Germany. Its lifespan was limited to the construction period of this project, and it has now closed. Much of the equipment used was leased from Schoma Lokomotiven of Germany and has returned there.Incidents
In 2004, the first collision of two trains occurred in Iceland. A passenger train transporting construction workers ran into a cement train in a tunnel, lying under Valþjófstaðarfjall mountain. Three people were treated for their injuries in the rail mishap.Korpúlfsstaðir farm railway
Korpúlfsstaðir was one of the first industrial farms in Iceland. Built in 1930 by Icelandic industrialist Thor Jensen, it was located on the outskirts of Reykjavík, on the Þingvellir road. The farm was equipped with a narrow-gauge railway network, allowing the transportation of goods and materials around the farm site. The rolling stock consisted chiefly of four-wheel skip wagons. There were no operational locomotives during either documented visit to this railway, and trains were shunted by hand, by the farm's staff. It is not known whether the railway was originally equipped with locomotives. Korpúlfsstaðir Farm has now closed and the site has been developed as a golf course and an elementary school, incorporating most of the original farm buildings. There is no surviving part of this railway network.Mainline railways in the 1900s
First proposals
In 1906 the first official proposals for railways in Iceland were made. The route would run from Reykjavík to Selfoss via Þingvallavatn. This route would allow extensions to Akranes/Borgarfjörður, Rangarvöllur. Surveys were made in the summer by the instigation of the Prime Minister, Hannes Hafstein. Over the next few years more surveys were made by engineer Jón Þorláksson in regard to snowfall and cost estimates, including a cost comparison between oil and coal powered systems.Proposals in the 1920s
In 1921, Alþingi decided to look at the possibility of railways again. Subsequently, in 1922-1923 a Danish engineer conducted surveys about a route from Reykjavík to Selfoss via Þrengsli. It was the shortest and cheapest solution. The route was envisioned to carry both passenger and freight which would have been cheaper than existing methods of transportation. In 1927 the city development plan of Reykjavík included a railway terminus just outside the Reykjavík city centre in Norðurmýri with multiple platforms. Automobile traffic was rising and there was a need for better roads. Comparisons were made between a road vs. rail system in Iceland, and it was eventually determined that roads would take priority. In 1931 plans for railways in Iceland were abandoned.Recently proposed railways
There have been intermittent proposals for a passenger railway from Reykjavík to Keflavík International Airport, firstly in the early 2000s. In 2003 the idea of an airport railway was eliminated and a dual carriageway road was built instead of the railway, opening in 2008.More recently, a private group has been looking into the idea of an airport railway. In 2014, a feasibility study was undertaken by Ráðgjöf og verkefnastjórnun, which declared that a high speed airport railway would be feasible with the increasing numbers of tourists coming to Iceland and passenger numbers at Keflavík International Airport. The project has begun looking for funding and has begun talks with the local municipalities about the planning and alignment of the railway. The railway would run double tracked from the airport, roughly parallel to the current road, and would then be placed in tunnels from Hafnafjörður with a terminal at Reykjavík's main bus station BSÍ. The maximum operating speed is 250 km/h, and the journey would take 15 minutes. In 2015 "Fluglestin Þróunarfélag ehf." was created with the intention of acquiring funding for the project and planning. The proposed English name for the project is "Lava Express". If the project goes on as planned construction should start in 2020.
In 2019, all municipalities the rail line would pass through have approved a cooperation agreement on zoning related to the project except Hafnarfjörður, with Morgunblaðið reporting that a meeting with the mayor of Hafnarfjörður has been scheduled. Once fully agreed, construction work could begin as early as 2022.