Rawhide (TV series)
Rawhide is an American Western TV series starring Eric Fleming and Clint Eastwood. The show aired for eight seasons on the CBS network on Friday nights, from January 9, 1959, to September 3, 1965, before moving to Tuesday nights from September 14, 1965, until January 4, 1966, with a total of 217 black-and-white episodes. The series was produced and sometimes directed by Charles Marquis Warren, who also produced early episodes of Gunsmoke.
Spanning seven and a half years, Rawhide was the sixth-longest-running American television Western, exceeded only by eight years of Wagon Train, nine years of The Virginian, fourteen years of Bonanza, eighteen years of Death Valley Days, and twenty years of Gunsmoke.
Synopsis
Set in the 1860s, Rawhide portrays the challenges faced by the drovers of a cattle drive. Most episodes are introduced with a monologue by Gil Favor, trail boss. In a typical Rawhide story, the drovers come upon people on the trail and involve themselves in other people's affairs, usually encountering various and sundry corrupt individuals. Many times, one or more of the crew venture into a nearby town and encounter some trouble from crooked townspeople or lawless politicians from which they need to be rescued. Rowdy Yates was young and at times impetuous in the earliest episodes, and Favor had to keep a tight rein on him.Favor is a savvy and strong leader who always plays "square" with his fellow men – a tough customer who can handle the challenges and get the job done. Although Favor had the respect and loyalty of the men who worked for him, the people, including Yates, are insubordinate to him a few times, after working too hard or after receiving a tongue lashing. Favor has to fight at times and usually wins.
Some Rawhide stories were easy in production terms, but the peak form of the show was convincing and naturalistic, and sometimes brutal. Its story lines ranged from parched plains to anthrax, ghostly riders to wolves, cattle raiding, bandits, murderers, and others. A frequent story line was the constant need to find water for the cattle. The scout spent much of his time looking for water, sometimes finding that water holes and even rivers had dried up. In some ways, the show was similar to the TV series Wagon Train, which had debuted on NBC on September 18, 1957. For example, neither the wagon train nor the herd moved very much.
Rawhide frequently dealt with controversial topics. Robert Culp played an ex-soldier on the drive who had become dangerously addicted to morphine. Mexican drover Jesús faced racism at times from outside of the crew.
Several shows deal with the aftermath of the American Civil War, which ended four years earlier. The "Poco Tiempo" episode reveals that Yates' father's name was Dan, that Yates' came from Southwestern Texas, that he joined the Confederate States Army at 16, and that he was later held in a federal prison camp.
Favor also served in the CSA as a captain. "Incident on the Edge of Madness" in season one, guest-starring Lon Chaney Jr., had Favor's old commanding officer attempting to enlist the aid of Favor and his men to start the "New Confederacy of Panama" much to Favor's dismay. In that same episode Favor and Nolan were revealed to have been in the Confederate forces up on Marye's Heights at the Battle of Fredericksburg, and they "felt shamed" at killing so many Union soldiers. Some American Indians demanded cattle as payment for going through their land. Rough characters were in the shows, and in one episode Gil Favor is tortured by having his face held near a fire. In "Incident of the Town in Terror," people think that a sick Yates has "the plague" and they enforce by gunpoint a quarantine of the cattle drovers outside the town. Also, cattle rustlers were around, including Commancheros.
On occasions, Rawhide was eerily atmospheric. "Incident with an Executioner" featured a mysterious dark rider seen on the hillside following the herd, "Incident of the Haunted Hills" featured a sacred Indian burial ground, "Incident of the Druid Curse" and season two's "Incident of the Murder Steer". The series also featured episodes with ghost towns, cattle with horns lit up by St. Elmo's fire at dusk, cowboys struck by lightning, plus a strange totally enclosed gypsy wagon, apparently steering itself, repeatedly turning up, all stand out as curiously "spooky" tales for a bustling dusty cattle drive; the show's often stark incidental music suited these stories perfectly.
In episode 67, "Incident Near the Promised Land", the cattle drive finally reached Sedalia for the first time in the series. Unusually, episode 68 continues on from that, where the cattle have been sold and the men celebrate in town and decide on their futures with even Favor thinking of leaving the business. Instead of the usual ending, wherein Favor gives the command "Head 'em up! Move 'em out!" and the cattle move off, this episode had the end titles over a view of a Sedalia street.
Episode 69 has Favor visiting his two daughters, Gillian and Maggie, who live with their aunt Eleanor Bradley in Philadelphia. In episode 70, a number of the men are back together and heading back to San Antonio about 650 miles away, with a herd of horses instead of cattle. Episode 71 has a new cattle drive ready to go, but the owner of 1600 of the cattle wants to be in charge, so Favor reluctantly signs on as a ramrod, but after problems, Favor becomes boss again at the end of the show. These five episodes made up one storyline instead of the usual single-episode stories which could have been set anywhere in the West.
Favor had many bad moments in the series, but none worse than the "Lost Herd" episode. Close to drive's finish, Favor wants to beat another herd to town to get the best prices. He takes a narrow shortcut; there is thunder and lightning, and the herd stampedes over the cliffs, leaving him just 9 out of 3000 cattle when the drive reaches town. He does not have the money to pay the drovers and has to face the owner whose cattle he has lost, knowing that he might never work in the business again.
From the second season, episodes began to feature individual cast members, notably Clint Eastwood's Yates ; later, both Scout Pete Nolan and even cook G. W. Wishbone were featured as leads, while Fleming's Gil Favor remained in overall charge.
Pete Nolan, the scout, departs as a regular cast member after "The Deserter's Patrol", but returns for a single episode "Reunion", and for a further nine episodes in season seven from "Texas Fever".
Charles H. Gray's character Clay Forester, having played a villain in three episodes of season four, then reforms and replaces Nolan as scout from "The Greedy Town". Gray remained in the regular cast for the rest of seasons four and five. Forrester reappeared later in "Incident of El Toro" in season six.
Two other minor semiregular cast members were "Toothless" in seasons five and six, plus one season-seven appearance, and "Yo Yo", who makes six appearances in season seven.
In the eighth and final season of Rawhide, Fleming left the series after an apparent disagreement with the producers. Rawhide had fallen in the ratings, from sixth in 1960-61 to 13th, 22nd, then 44th. Eric Fleming, who played Favor, was let go. "They fired me because they were paying me a million dollars a year", Fleming told TV Guide in 1965. Cast members Sheb Wooley, James Murdock and Robert Cabal were also let go.. Eastwood was promoted to series star as Yates finally becomes the trail boss. This outcome was hinted at in earlier episodes when Favor indicates he is training Yates to replace him as trail boss. The impression given is this was a later cattle drive with Yates now in charge, at a time after Favor had either "retired" or given up as boss, presumably having made his money or opted for a career change, since no mention is ever made onscreen of him or the reason for his absence in the final season's episodes.
John Ireland as Jed Colby and Raymond St Jacques as Simon Blake also joined the Rawhide cast at this time, plus semi-regular minor cast member David Watson as Ian Cabot. With Fleming gone, ratings plunged and the revised format only lasted 13 episodes before Rawhide was suddenly cancelled in midseason.
Cast members
Regular cast members included:- Eric Fleming as trailboss Gil Favor
- Clint Eastwood as ramrod Rowdy Yates
- Sheb Wooley as scout Pete Nolan
- Paul Brinegar as the cantankerous cook, George Washington Wishbone
- Robert Cabal as the wrangler, Jesús "Hey Soos" Patines
- James Murdock as Wishbone's assistant, Harkness "Mushy" Mushgrove III
- Steve Raines as drover Jim Quince
- Rocky Shahan as drover Joe Scarlet
- Don C. Harvey as drover Collins
- John Erwin as drover Teddy
- John Hart as drover Narbo
- William R. Thompkins as drover Toothless
- John Cole as drover Bailey
- Milan Smith as drover Kyle
- Charles H. Gray as Clay Forrester
- Paul Comi as Yo Yo
- John Ireland as Jed Colby
- Raymond St. Jacques as rider Simon Blake
- David Watson as Ian Cabot
Notable guest stars
- Nick Adams
- Claude Akins
- Eddie Albert
- Tod Andrews
- Michael Ansara
- Mary Astor
- Frankie Avalon
- Martin Balsam
- John Drew Barrymore
- Richard Basehart
- Charles Bateman
- Shelley Berman
- Ralph Bellamy
- Robert Blake
- Neville Brand
- Beau Bridges
- Charles Bronson
- Rory Calhoun
- Macdonald Carey
- John Cassavetes
- Lon Chaney Jr.
- James Coburn
- Pat Conway
- Elisha Cook Jr.
- Jeff Corey
- Broderick Crawford
- Robert L. Crawford Jr.
- Linda Cristal
- Robert Culp
- Royal Dano
- Albert Dekker
- John Dehner
- Bruce Dern
- Troy Donahue
- Bobby Driscoll
- James Drury
- Brian Donlevy
- Dan Duryea
- Buddy Ebsen
- Barbara Eden
- Jack Elam
- Leif Erickson
- Roger Ewing
- Nina Foch
- Sally Forrest
- Steve Forrest
- Anne Francis
- James Franciscus
- Beverly Garland
- Alan Hale Jr.
- Julie Harris
- Dwayne Hickman
- Kim Hunter
- Victor Jory
- Brian Keith
- DeForest Kelley
- Douglas Kennedy
- George Kennedy
- Wright King
- Frankie Laine
- Martin Landau
- Harry Lauter
- Ruta Lee
- Suzanne Lloyd
- June Lockhart
- Robert Loggia
- Julie London
- Jack Lord
- Peter Lorre
- Gavin MacLeod
- Jock Mahoney
- Dean Martin
- Carole Mathews
- Frank Maxwell
- Mercedes McCambridge
- Victor McLaglen
- Darren McGavin
- Burgess Meredith
- Dina Merrill
- Robert Middleton
- Vera Miles
- Martin Milner
- Elizabeth Montgomery
- Terry Moore
- Agnes Moorehead
- Ed Nelson
- Leslie Nielsen
- Leonard Nimoy
- Warren Oates
- Susan Oliver
- Margaret O'Brien
- J. Pat O'Malley
- Dan O'Herlihy
- Debra Paget
- Luana Patten
- Walter Pidgeon
- Edward Platt
- Claude Rains
- Cesar Romero
- Mickey Rooney
- Marion Ross
- William Schallert
- Robert F. Simon
- Everett Sloane
- Harry Dean Stanton
- Barbara Stanwyck
- Charles Stevens
- Woody Strode
- Barbara Stuart
- Olive Sturgess
- Gloria Talbott
- Rip Torn
- Forrest Tucker
- Miyoshi Umeki
- Lee Van Cleef
- Dick Van Patten
- James Whitmore
- Chill Wills
- Marie Windsor
- Ed Wynn
- Dick York
Production notes
- Cattle Empire, the movie that he directed in 1958 and for which Endre Bohem was a screenwriter and Paul Brinegar, Steve Raines, Rocky Shahan and Charles H. Gray were actors; all also worked in Rawhide.
- Chisholm Trail, the classic novel by Borden Chase that inspired the epic motion picture Red River starring John Wayne and Montgomery Clift.
- The diary of trail boss George C. Duffield, written during a cattle drive from San Antonio to Sedalia in 1866. The narrations with which Gil Favor begins each episode are similar in style and breadth to the entries in Duffield's journal, lending the show an extra measure of authenticity.
The premiere episode of Rawhide reached the top 20 in the Nielsen ratings.
The show had a grueling production schedule, being mostly weekly with a three- to four-month break between seasons. After the first season of 22 episodes, seasons 2–7 were each 30 episodes. Often, the only way the lead actors could get a break was if they were said to be off on business. On rare occasions, the show would feature a small number of the actors and some misfortune, maybe in a town, which would give the others time off.
Eric Fleming drowned at the age of 41 when a canoe flipped over on location while filming the movie High Jungle in 1966.
Nielsen Ratings
Theme song
The theme song's lyrics were written by Ned Washington in 1958. It was composed by Dimitri Tiomkin and sung by pop singer Frankie Laine. The theme song became very popular, and was covered several times and featured in movies such as The Blues Brothers and Shrek 2.Title sequence
The title sequence was animated by Ken Mundie of DePatie-Freleng Enterprises.Home media
has released all eight seasons of Rawhide on DVD in Region 1.On May 12, 2015, CBS DVD released Rawhide- The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1.
In Region 2, Rawhide has been released in Scandinavia. Season 1, by Noble Entertainment, two boxes, 2009-2010. Season one re-releasing in January 2014 by Soulmedia. Season 2 and season 3, by Soulmedia. No more seasons will be released in Scandinavia.
Revelation Films has released the first three seasons on DVD in the UK. Season 4 will be released on March 23, 2015, followed by season 5 on June 22, 2015. They are released as complete season sets rather than two volumes.
In Region 4, Madman Entertainment has released all eight seasons on DVD in Australia. Each season in one box. Season 8, the Final Season, was released on October 5, 2011. DVD releases play heavily on Clint Eastwood's later fame, depicting him in the foreground as the chief character and crediting: "Clint Eastwood in...", however the original show credits for seasons one to seven actually depict the late Eric Fleming being the lead cast member, with Eastwood as co-star.
DVD name | Ep No. | Region 1 | Region 2 | Region 2 | Region 4 |
Season 1 | 22 | July 25, 2006 | November 15, 2010 | October 28, 2009January 13, 2010 | January 20, 2010 |
Season 2, Volume 1 | 16 | May 29, 2007 | April 11, 2011 | September 22, 2010 | March 9, 2010 |
Season 2, Volume 2 | 16 | December 18, 2007 | April 11, 2011 | September 22, 2010 | March 9, 2010 |
Season 3, Volume 1 | 15 | May 27, 2008 | July 11, 2011 | September 28, 2011January 11, 2012 | August 11, 2010 |
Season 3, Volume 2 | 15 | December 9, 2008 | July 11, 2011 | February 15, 2012August 29, 2012 | August 11, 2010 |
Season 4, Volume 1 | 15 | June 7, 2011 | June 6, 2016 | Seasons 4–8, not to be released | September 27, 2010 |
Season 4, Volume 2 | 15 | November 1, 2011 | June 6, 2016 | Seasons 4–8, not to be released | September 27, 2010 |
Season 5, Volume 1 | 15 | September 18, 2012 | September 5, 2016 | Seasons 4–8, not to be released | February 2, 2011 |
Season 5, Volume 2 | 14 | September 18, 2012 | September 5, 2016 | Seasons 4–8, not to be released | February 2, 2011 |
Season 6, Volume 1 | 16 | June 4, 2013 | TBA | Seasons 4–8, not to be released | May 2, 2011 |
Season 6, Volume 2 | 15 | June 4, 2013 | TBA | Seasons 4–8, not to be released | May 2, 2011 |
Season 7, Volume 1 | 15 | March 4, 2014 | TBA | Seasons 4–8, not to be released | August 3, 2011 |
Season 7, Volume 2 | 15 | March 4, 2014 | TBA | Seasons 4–8, not to be released | August 3, 2011 |
Season 8 | 13 | June 3, 2014 | Seasons 4–8, not to be released | ||
The Complete Series | 217 | May 12, 2015 |
On the Region 1 DVD sets, the episode "Incident of the Roman Candles" is included on both the Season One DVD set as well as the Season Two Volume One DVD set.
Similarly, the episode "Abilene" is included on both the Season Four Volume Two DVD set as well as the Season Five Volume Two DVD set.