Razmak is one of the three subdivisions of North Waziristan District in Pakistan, the other two being Mirali and Miranshah. The inhabitants are almost exclusively Pashtuns. The Razmak subdivision of North Waziristan is divided into three Tehsils: Razmak, Dossali, and Garyum. Dossali is a low-lying area with a warm and dry climate. Garyum is a hilly and cold area. Razmak Tehsil is the coldest and wettest of the three Tehsils because of its higher elevation. It is pleasant in summers, but snow clad in the winters. Razmak town is the main settlement of the Razmak subdivision. The height above sea level of Razmak town is 2010 m. Razmak is known as "Mini London" due to its beauty and potential to become a major tourist destination if the security situation of Waziristan improves. The famous Pashtun tribal leaderMirzali Khan was based in Gurwek, but also hided for a long time in Razmak. Gurwek is a remote village in Waziristan on the border with Afghanistan.
History
Stories about Haji Mirzali Khan are part of the folklore of the area. He was a tribal leader of Waziristan who rebelled against the British Raj, and started a guerilla warfare against the British. His movement was based in Gurwek, a remote village in Waziristan on the border with Afghanistan. It is said that the troops were after him and when they fired at him, their bullets melted midway and fell on ground. This is said to be the origin of the many grey hard pebbles lying on the hills of Razmak where Mirzali Khan was hiding. After the creation of Pakistan in August 1947, Mirzali Khan and his followers refused to recognise Pakistan, and launched a campaign against Pakistan. They continued their guerilla warfare against the new nation's government. In 1950, they announced the creation of Pashtunistan as an independent nation. A Pashtun tribal jirga, held in Razmak, appointed Mirzali Khan as the President of the National Assembly for Pashtunistan. He didn't surrender to the government of Pakistan throughout his life. He died a natural death in 1960, and is buried in Gurwek.
People
The population is migratory and owns land also in other parts of the North Waziristan Agency where they migrate when it gets too cold. The main tribes that inhabit Razmak subdivision are Toori Khel, Boora Khel and Dirdooni. The dynamics of the society are governed by oligarchy. The elders of the tribes and families are the unelected leaders. The main elders of the area are Noor Baqi Jan, Zuman Alikhel, Nawaz Shakhimar in Toori khel, Shahzada and Saudal in boorakel, Hakeem Jan in Dirdooni.
Torikhel
The Torikhel clan lives in the mountains of Razmak. Used to climbing hills on foot, they are tough and hardy fighters. The Torikhel are further divided into Khushali, Alikhel, and Shogi subtribes. The Khushali is the bigger tribe among the Torikhel subtribes. The Khushali are further divided into nine subtribes. As per Nikat, the traditional tribal distribution, every thing in Razmak Tehsil is distributed equally among these tribes. Cadet College Razmak is also located here.
Boorakhel
Boorakhel are involved in trade and business, many of them drive trucks and buses down in the rest of Pakistan. They have apple orchards on the hills of Razmak. Their hospitality is very well known in Wazir Tribe.
Dossali
Well Educated people. Mandey Khel ' Mandey Khell is a part of Tehsil Dossali, Their hospitality is very well known in Wazir Tribe. They are peaceful people who usually cooperate with the government and follow strict tribal discipline.
Dirdooni
Dattakhel tehsil is occupied by the Dirdooni subtribe. They are peaceful people who usually cooperate with the government and follow strict tribal discipline.
The religion of the people is Islam. They adhere very strictly to their traditions and see any change as an intrusion and inherently bad. Their code of conduct "pushtoonwali" is their religion. Anything against pushtoonwali is declared and accepted as unislamic.
Education
There are many schools in the area but literacy rate in the area is low. Schools are usually owned and managed by the local elders and have been granted to them and are being funded by the government as a bribe. The interest of education in the general population is evident and most of the youth understands the importance of education.
