Redox indicator

A redox indicator is an indicator which undergoes a definite color change at a specific electrode potential.
The requirement for fast and reversible color change means that the oxidation-reduction equilibrium for an indicator redox system needs to be established very quickly. Therefore, only a few classes of organic redox systems can be used for indicator purposes.
There are two common classes of redox indicators:

metal complexes of phenanthroline and bipyridine. In these systems, the metal changes oxidation state.
organic redox systems such as Methylene blue. In these systems, a proton participant in the redox reaction. Therefore, sometimes redox indicators are also divided into two general groups: independent or dependent on pH.

The most common redox indicator are organic compounds.

pH independent

pH dependent

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