A redundant church is a church building that is no longer used for Christian worship. The term most frequently refers to former Anglican churches in the United Kingdom, but may also be used for disused churches in other countries. Reasons for redundancy include population movements, changing social patterns, merging of parishes, decline in church attendance or other factors. Historically, redundant churches were often demolished or left to ruin. Today, many redundant churches are repurposed e.g. as community centres, museums, or homes; demolition occurs only if no alternative can be found.
Anglican buildings
Although some church buildings fall into disuse around the world, in England, the term "redundancy" was particularly used by the Church of England which had a Redundant Churches Division. In 2008, the Church changed the terminology surrounding church closure and as such "redundancy" is now known as "closure for regular public worship". The Redundant Churches Division became the Closed Churches Division. , in North Yorkshire, England, has been vested in the Churches Conservation Trust since 2006 There are a number of reasons for a church building being declared redundant, although it is primarily due to a reduction in the number of regular Sunday worshippers, which fell since the late 1980s to about 1.7m in 2008. Other reasons include the amalgamation of parishes, or a preference for another building where two churches exist in close proximity, for example at Swaffham Prior, Cambridgeshire. Population shift is another factor. For example, many redundant churches were formerly maintained in parishes situated in deserted or shrunken medieval villages. The square mileCity of London has only a few thousand permanent residents, far smaller than its historic population because most workers now commute from outside its boundaries, so there are many redundant churches within the City. Approximately 30 Church of England churches are declared closed for regular public worship each year. The buildings are only demolished as a last resort. Some active use is made of about half of the closed churches. Between 1969 and 2010, a full 1795 closures were achieved, equalling roughly 11% of the stock, with about a third Listed as Grade I or II. Only 20% of closed churches were demolished and 75% of those were unlisted. The aim of the closure process is to find new uses for them. Responsibility for doing this rests with the diocese. Some closed churches remain consecrated in occasional use by the Church of England. Some are purchased by other denominations or faiths for regular use. Several charitable trusts have been set up to preserve churches of particular architectural merit, such as the Churches Conservation Trust in England or the Friends of Friendless Churches in Wales. Similarly, in Scotland the Scottish Redundant Churches Trust cares for several former Church of Scotland church buildings.
The popularity of Methodism, and other non-conformist churches in the 19th century has led to many chapel buildings which cannot be sustained; at their height, various Methodist factions ran about 14,000 chapels in the United Kingdom. Today, the United Methodists own just over 6,000 chapels and dispose of roughly 100 each year. Particularly significant chapels may be taken into the care of the Historic Chapels Trust.
