The Reformed Congregations was formed in 1907 as a federation of the Reformed Churches under the Cross, which had its roots in 1834, and the Lederboerian reformed congregations. The founder was Gerrit Hendrik Kersten. Kersten not only brought unification, but he helped organise the federation. In 1909, the Dutch Reformed Church requested to unite with the Reformed Congregations. Due to theological differences, the union was declined. In 1926, a Reformed seminary was founded in Rotterdam. In 1929, the church had 67 congregations and 26,380 members. Twenty years later, the numbers had risen to 140 congregations and 62,000 members, more than double of the congregations and an annual growth rate of 6.7 percent. In 1931, the denomination prepared the so-called "doctrines of '31", which gave an elaboration of the doctrine of the denomination's attention to man. During World War II, many Reformed congregation church buildings were destroyed.
Schism in 1953
Shortly after the end of the war, there was a period of theological controversies in the denomination. The cause of the schism of 1953 was the deposition of Rev Dr. C. Steenblok as a lecturer at the Theological School of the Reformed Congregations, but a different view on the free offer of the gospel also played a role; the Reformed Congregations held to the view of a free, well-meant offer of the gospel, but the congregations who split off did not. In 1953, the Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands was born.
Recent history
The Reformed Congregations have experienced a steady growth, in spite of the progressive secularisation in the Netherlands. The denomination grew from 53,000 members in 1953 to 106,000 in 2013. Despite the growth, the church has a relatively large outflow of members. Also noteworthy is the growth in the province of Overijssel and in the town of Rijssen. The denomination's membership in the wider urban area around Rotterdam increased seven times from what it was in 1950. Several new congregations were started in the Dutch Bible belt.
Theology
Confessions
The church holds to the absolute authority of the Bible. The church adheres to the:
Belgic Confession
Heidelberg catechism
Canons of Dort.
The Reformed Congregations theological orientation stem from the time of the Further Reformation. In worship they use only the so-called "Statenvertaling" of the Bible, which was made on orders of the assembled authorities of the Republic of the United Netherlands Provinces in the 17th century and which can be compared with the King James Version of the Bible. The church believes in:
authority of the Bible
inability of man to the glory of God
life in Christ
covenant of Grace
covenant of Redemption
Church buildings
The Lederboerian churches originally came together in barns, living rooms, warehouses and workshops. Often less than 20 people were present. In 1844 a large stone church was built in Rotterdam. In 1850 a wooden church was built in Benthuizen. They still hoped to return to the official Reformed Church. A lot of churches can be characterised as barn churches. In the 1930s, due to the growth of the church, building continued. There were smaller churches in Lisse and other small towns. After World War II churches were built more widely. In the last quarter of the 20th century modern buildings were constructed in Goes, Groningen and Utrecht.
Statistics
The church had 106,782 members in 2013. The Reformed Churches has 151 congregations, 12 classes and 4 Synodes. The statistics show steady growth since the founding of the church. The denomination has a 127-member congregation in Randburg South Africa. There is also a church in Carterton, New Zealand and a church plant of 47 members in Belgium. The 27 congregations in North-America and one in Bolivia are part of the sister denomination: Netherlands Reformed Congregations which has 10.648 members. Missionary projects are in Java the Gereja Jemaat Protestan di Indonesia with 10,000 members and 68 congregations. In Nigeria there is the Nigeria Reformed Church with 14 congregations and 2,500 members.
