Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey
Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey are the Syrian refugees originated from Syrian Civil War, Turkey is hosting over 3.6 million "registered" refugees and delivered aid reaching $24 billion on refugee assistance. The large scale return to Syria uncertain, Turkey has focused on how to manage their presence, more registered refugees than any other country, in Turkish society by addressing their legal status, basic needs, employment, education, and impact on local communities.
As part of Turkey's migrant crisis, according to UNHCR, in 2018 Turkey was hosting 63.4% of all the refugees in the world, that is 3,564,919 "registered" refugees from Middle East, Africa, and Afghanistan in total.
Statistics
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Milestones
- June, 2011: Refugee flow into Turkey with the military siege of Jisr al-Shughour in the northwestern part of Syria.
- November, 2011: Turkey had spent up to $15 million to set up six camps for thousands of refugees and military defectors, however Turkish officials declare that Syrians are "guests" and not "refugees."
- April, 2012: Refugee flow ahead of UN ceasefire. Over 2,500 swell across Turkish-Syrian border in one day, the highest ever recorded.
- July, 2012: Refugee flow ahead of fighting in Aleppo.
- September, 2012: UNHCR reports that more than 11,000 Syrians flee into Turkey in a day's time.
Settlement (repatriation, transit)
About 30% live in 22 government-run camps near the Syrian border.
The number of refugees in transit to Europe dramatically increased in 2015. \
Citizenship
Up to 300,000 Syrian refugees living in Turkey could be given citizenship under a plan to keep wealthy and educated Syrians in the country.Conditions
As of April 2014 :- 595,280 individuals reached through information campaigns, participatory assessments, activities to raise public awareness on rights, entitlements, services and assistance;
- 205,899 children with protection needs were identified and referred to services;
- 115,225 children participated in structured, sustained child protection or psycho-social support programme;
- 145,433 youth and adolescents have attended empowerment programme enhancing their participation, communication, peer-to-peer interaction and self-confidence;
- 18,793 Individuals, including children, have reached through community-based initiatives for prevention and mitigation of gender-based violence;
- 593,616 individuals have received hygiene kits, dignity kits or sanitary items;
- 87,198 individuals have benefitted from assistance in accessing adequate shelter solutions;
- 470,000 Syrians and host community members have benefitted from improved municipal services, focusing among others on waste and waste water management.
Financial Aid
Over 13 million Syrians received aid from the Turkish Aid Agency. Turkey has spent more than any other country on Syrian refugee aid, and has also been subject to criticism for opening refugee camps on the Syrian side of the border.
Financial aid from other countries to Syrian Refugees has been limited, though €3,200,000,000 was [|promised by the EU in November 2015]. In March 2016, the EU and Turkey agreed on the EU-Turkey Statement, which involved a number of political concessions as well as 'another €3 billion in aid, if Turkey agreed to a readmission of Syrians arriving in Greece and tighter border controls.'
Employment
Under Turkish law, Syrian refugees cannot apply for resettlement but only temporary protection status. Registering for temporary protection status gives access to state services such as health and education, as well as the right to apply for a work permit in certain geographic areas and professions. Over a third of urban refugees are not registered.A study which was supported by the Istanbul University Scientific Research Projects unit and conducted by academics from a number of universities, revealed that the vast majority of Syrians in Turkey are employed in unregistered work for significantly lower wages compared to their Turkish counterparts.
However compared to the increase in refugees, benefits towards them weren't increased as much as only 712,218 were given residency permits only 56,024 work permits were given to the Syrians by 2017.
Housing
Turkey's response to the refugee crisis is different from most other countries. As a World Bank report noted: It is a non-camp and government financed approach, as opposed to directing refugees into camps that rely on humanitarian aid agencies for support.Racism
Influx of Syrian refugees to Turkey has significantly increased anti-Arabian sentiments in the country.Education
The goal of the Turkey is providing efforts to ensure that all refugee children can access a form of learning and be fully integrated into the formal education system. The facts are:As of , Currently, 30% of Syrian refugee children have access to education, 4,000 businesses have been opened, and several Syrian refugee camps have grown into small towns with amenities from healthcare to barber shops.
As of March 2018, about 60% of Syrian school-aged children under temporary protection remain in school. The EU has supported education, through a € 300 million direct grant to the Ministry of National Education. Turkey's educational support:
- National Conditional Cash Transfers for Education of 2017 : 300,000 Syrian children's family received. Cash Transfers to families encourages enrollment, improves school attendance referral of children at risk to Child Protective Services
- Early childhood and pre-primary education: 45,580 enrollment.
- Formal education : 612,603 enrollment.
- Informal non-accredited education : 20,806 enrollment.
- State universities: 19,332 enrollement
- Accelerated Learning Programme : targeting 10 to 18-year-old out-of-school adolescents.
- Teachers and education personnel: 128,843 education personnel acquired special training. 12,965 Syrian volunteer trainers and education personnel were provided with financial compensation.
Healthcare
- 250,000 inpatient care;
- 200,000 operated on;
- 150,000 births;
- 6 million consultations