is divided into 16 regions, which are the country's first-level administrative division. Each region is headed by an intendant '', appointed by the President of Chile, and a directly-elected regional board. The regions are divided into provinces, each headed by a governor appointed by the President. There are 56 provinces in total. Provinces are divided into communes, which are governed by municipal councils.
Naming
Each region was given a Roman numeral, followed by a name. When the regional structure was created, Roman numerals were assigned in ascending order from north to south, with the northernmost region designated as I and the southernmost region as XII. The Santiago Metropolitan Region, located in the center of the country and home to the country's capital Santiago, was excluded from this naming scheme and given instead the initials RM, standing for Región Metropolitana. With the creation of regions XIV and XVI in the south and XV in the north in 2007, the north-south Roman numeral order was broken. In February 2018, the Strengthening of Regionalization Law was enacted. Among other things, it removed the roman numerals from the designations.
History of the regional structure
The administrative divisions of Chile were created in 1974 and limited to 13 regions. Previously, Chile was divided into 25 provinces, which were further divided into departments, and then into communes. The new territorial organization was implemented in phases with some initial "pilot regions" beginning to operate in 1974, extending the process on January 1, 1976 to the rest of the country. The Santiago Metropolitan Region began to operate in April 1980. In December 2006, two new regions were created: the northern Arica and Parinacota Region, by taking out the two northernmost provinces from the Tarapacá Region; and Los Ríos Region in the south, encompassing the provinces of Valdivia, formerly part of the Los Lagos Region, and Ranco, formerly part of Valdivia. Both regions became operative in October 2007. In August 2017, the Ñuble Region was created from what was then the Ñuble Province of the Biobío Region. The old province was divided into three new provinces: Diguillín, Punilla and Itata. The new region's capital is Chillán. It became operational in September 2018.
Administration
Since their creation, each region is headed by an intendant appointed by the President of Chile, and a regional board. The intendants count with the direct collaboration of the SEREMI in specific matters, such as public health, education, agriculture, among others. The SEREMI are appointed by the President. Thanks to the Strengthening of Regionalization Law, since the 2020 municipal elections each intendant will be elected at the same date along with the mayors and municipal councillors, using a two-round system. If no candidate obtains the minimum threshold 40% of the valid votes, a runoff election is held between the two candidates with the most votes, and the winner is elected by a simple majority. Also the law will change the name Intendant to Regional Governor. The President will appoint a Regional presidential delegate, who will represent the national government in the region. The board was elected among the members of the municipal councils of each commune of the respective region. Since the 2013 election the regional board members are directly elected using an open list proportional representation, with seats allocated using the D'Hondt method. Each of the 54 provinces are headed by a governor appointed by the President. In 2020, the provincial governors will change their name to Provincial presidential delegate', still appointed by the President.
