Reichspostministerium


The Reichspostministerium in Berlin was the Ministry in charge of the Mail and the Telecommunications of the German Weimar Republic from 1919 until 1933 as well as of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945.
Especially during the Nazi rule, it had authority over research and development departments in the areas of television engineering, high-frequency technology, cable transmission, metrology, and acoustics.

Formation

After World War I, the ministry succeeded the former Reichspost agency of the German Empire, established in the course of the German unification in 1871. The hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic created a deficit in the post- and telecommunications services. The act of 1924 , created the Deutsche Reichspost as an separate entity within the RPM; financially independent, covering their expenditures with user fees, yet organizationally and personnelwise part of the national government and civil service system. Its assets received the status of a special assets, separate from the general government assets.
When the Nazis took control of the government 1933, political prerogatives became decisive, leading to the RPM with the DRP becoming an instrument for the strategic leadership of the government and the Wehrmacht. Political and military directives determined the direction of the structural and technological development of the DRP services. The principle of the DRP as a business enterprise was replaced by the Nazi tenet that the DRP was a government agency exercising important sovereign rights of the State.
During the period 1933-1935, the DRP became politically realigned and used as an instrument for the Nazi economic policy. The period 1936-1939 saw the DRP subordinate to the policy of economic self-sufficiency and preparation for war. During the war, 1939-1945, the DRP became an agency for warfare.
In 1935, when the Territory of the Saar Basin, was incorporated into Germany, the postal and telecommunication services of the territory was integrated into the DRP. With the annexation of Austria in 1938, the Austrian postal and telegraph administration and the postal saving bureau became part of the DRP.

Organization

During WW2 the organization of the Reichspostministerium was as follows:
;Central organization
;Central agencies
;Subordinate agencies

Organization

The following services were provided by the Deutsche Reichspost:
In 1920 the Telegraphentechnische Reichsamt department for telegraphy was established, re-arranged as the Reichspostzentralamt research centre for telegraphy, telephony and radio electronics in 1928.
On 1 January 1937, Department VIII of the former Reichspostzentralamt formed the core of the Forschungsanstalt der Deutschen Reichspost. From that date, the RPM subsumed all research and development departments in the areas of television engineering, high-frequency technology, cable transmission, metrology, and acoustics. The engineer Wilhelm Ohnesorge became the Postal Minister from February of that year. The RPM had its own 500,000-square meter research site in Miersdorf near Zeuthen outside of Berlin. Dr. Friedrich Wilhelm Banneitz, a television authority, was head of research. Dr. Friedrich Vilbig, an authority on high-frequency engineering, was his deputy.
The RPM supported independent research, such as nuclear physics, high-frequency technology, isotope separation, electron microscopy, and communications technology at the private research laboratory Forschungslaboratoriums für Elektronenphysik of Manfred von Ardenne, in Berlin-Lichterfelde. In 1940, the RPM began construction of a cyclotron for von Ardenne; it was completed in 1945.

Postschutz

Postschutz was a paramilitary unit of the DRP with a mission to protect post and telecommunication installations from armed attacks. All male postal employees could become volunteer members of the Postschutz. For all new employees from 1933, under the age of 35, it was mandatory. In 1942, the postal protection was subsumed into the Allgemeine SS; this was just one more step in the national socialization of the Deutsche Reichspost.

Air Raid Precautions

The object of the Postluftschutz was to protect the customers, personnel and installations of the DRP from the danger of air raids. The implementation of the air raid precautions rested with the Postal Protection until 1944, when the war made it mandatory for the Postal Protection to focus on its military mission.

Literature