Religion in Namibia


Religion in Namibia is dominated by various branches of Christianity, with more than 90 percent of Namibian citizens identifying themselves as Christian. According to the United States DRL, in 2007 up to 75% were Protestant, including as much as 50% Lutheran.
According to the Namibia Demographic and Health Surveys, the proportions are:
Foreign missionary groups operate in the country. The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in practice. The US government received no reports of societal abuses or discrimination based on religious belief or practice in 2007.

Lutheranism

The largest Christian group in Namibia is the Lutheran church, which consists of three church denominations.
The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia grew out of the work of the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Mission which began in 1870 among the Ovambo and Kavango people. It has episcopal polity and consists of two dioceses.
The Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia grew out of the work of the Rhenish Missionary Society from Germany which began working in the area in 1842. It operates the Evangelical Lutheran Church AIDS programme, a business trust operating retreat centres, and a training centre for women which provides training for female leadership roles in society including nursery nurses.
The German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia is the smallest of the three churches. It has episcopal polity, with a single bishop as its leader.
In 2007 the three Lutheran denominations established the United Church Council of the Lutheran Churches in Namibia, with the ultimate aim of becoming one church. The two English-speaking denominations train their clergy together at a single united seminary, and operate a number of common social programmes.

Roman Catholicism

The second-largest Christian denomination is Roman Catholicism, and accounts for more than 20% of the population. It consists of three jurisdictions - the two dioceses of Windhoek and Keetmanshoop, and the Apostolic Vicariate of Rundu which is in the process of becoming a third diocese.
An apostolic prefecture was established as early as 1892, but the current metropolitan province and ecclesiastical structure was erected more recently, in 1994.
The Holy See maintains diplomatic relations with Namibia through a titular Apostolic Nunciature, but it is unstaffed, and in practice is vested in the Apostolic Nunciature to South Africa in Pretoria.

Other Christian churches

The Anglican Church consists of a single diocese, forming part of the Metropolitan province of Southern Africa. It is strongest in the north of the country. The Namibian Anglican church gave strong opposition to the imposition of apartheid policies during South African occupation, as a result of which a succession of Anglican diocesan bishops, suffragan bishops, and vicars-general were deported. The Anglican church worships principally in the English and Kwanyama languages.
Smaller numbers are affiliated with the Baptist Church, the Methodist Church, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the New Apostolic Church, the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Branhamism, a number of Zionist Churches, and Pentecostal Christianity. The Dutch Reformed Church of Namibia is predominantly made up of members of the Afrikaner ethnic group.

Non-Christian religions

Practitioners of other religions are predominantly immigrants, descendants of immigrants, or recent converts. They reside primarily in urban areas.
Islam is practised by a minority, with Muslims in Namibia being almost exclusively Sunni. The total number of Muslims in the country is in dispute, with estimates ranging from less than 1% to 3%.
Other religions practised in the country include Judaism, Buddhism, and the Baha'i Faith.
Indigenous religions are practiced by the small Himba and San ethnic groups, which comprise less than 1% and 3% respectively of the population.
There are few atheists in the country.

Clerical misconduct in Namibian churches

It has been reported that senior church officials and pastors in Namibia are involved in mismanagement of the churches' funds of millions of Namibian dollars. Many pastors were involved in scams and other serious criminal activities such as rape or handling of counterfeit currency of millions of U. S. dollars. This has resulted in serious spiritual and moral degradation of the church environment and church leaders. The Namibian government is to investigate and combat such illegal practices so as to maintain the integrity, dignity, esteemed purpose, and high standards of such religious institutions in Namibia.