Remington Model 1858
The Remington-Beals Model Revolvers along with subsequent models and variations were percussion revolvers manufactured by Eliphalet Remington & Sons in.31 .36 or.44 caliber, used during the American Civil War, and was the beginning of a successful line of medium and large frame pistols. They are commonly, though inaccurately, referred to as the Model 1858 due to the patent markings on its New Model barrels, "PATENTED SEPT. 14, 1858/E. REMINGTON & SONS, ILION, NEW YORK, U.S.A./NEW MODEL."; although wide scale production did not start until 1861.
The Remington revolver was a secondary, supplemental issue firearm for the Union Army until the Colt factory fire of 1864. Due to the fire, the Colt 1860 Army was not available for some time. Subsequently, large numbers of the Remington revolver were ordered by the U.S. government. It was more expensive, by "50 cents", than the Colt, but those who could afford it remarked on its durability.
It saw use in the American West, both in its original percussion configuration and as a metallic cartridge conversion, as well as around the world.
Overview
The Remington is a single-action, six-shot, percussion revolver produced by E. Remington & Sons, Ilion, N.Y., based on the Fordyce Beals patent of September 14, 1858. The Remington Army revolver is large-framed revolver in.44 caliber with an 8-inch barrel length. The Remington Navy revolver is slightly smaller framed than the Army and in.36 caliber with a 7.375 inch barrel length. There were three progressive models made: the Remington-Beals Army & Navy, the 1861 Army & Navy, and the New Model Army & Navy. The three models are nearly identical in size and appearance. Subtle but noticeable differences in hammers, loading levers, and cylinders help identify each model. The 1861 Remington actually transitioned into New Model appearance by late 1862, slowly transforming throughout 1862, due to continual improvement suggestions from the U. S. Ordnance Department.Remington percussion revolvers are very accurate and capable of considerable power with muzzle velocities in the range of 550 to 1286+ feet-per-second, depending upon the charge loaded by the shooter. Combustible cartridge velocities averaged from 700 to, depending on powder quality, charge and conical bullet weight. Combustibles were usually loaded with a special high performance sporting grade black powder, using the minimum charge required for a specified impact level, usually determined by pine penetration tests. The special powder and minimal charge reduced black powder fouling, allowing revolvers to be fired as much as possible before cleaning was necessary.
Design
The Remington revolver owes its durability to the "topstrap", solid-frame design. The design is stronger and less prone to frame stretching than the Colt revolvers of the same era. The internal lockwork of the Remington is somewhat simpler in construction. While the Colt employs separate screws for the cylinder stop and trigger, those components share the same through-frame screw in the Remington design. A downside in the design of the 1858 is that the barrel and receiver are a single piece, making it more difficult to clean the barrel, as it cannot be removed.Another innovative feature was "safety slots" milled between chambers on the cylinder. The milled slot positively secured the hammer between chambers for safe carry by placing the hammer's firing pin where it did not rest on a percussion cap, eliminating the risk of an accidental discharge if the gun was dropped or the hammer struck. Most 19th-century revolver designs lacked such safety features. Early Whitney revolvers, for example, were similar to the Remington but lacked the safety slots. It was possible to lower the Whitney hammer between cylinder chambers for safe carry, but without the Remington milled slot, the Whitney cylinder could possibly slip and rotate, allowing the hammer to strike a loaded, capped chamber and cause an accidental discharge.
The Remington revolver permitted easy cylinder removal, allowing a quick reload with a spare pre-loaded cylinder; this being an advantage over other revolver designs of the time. It is, however, unlikely that this was common practice during the period. Spare cylinders were not provided by the Army.
Metallic cartridge conversions
In 1868, Remington began offering five-shot metallic cartridge conversions of the revolver in.46 rimfire. Remington paid a royalty fee to Smith & Wesson, owners of the Rollin White patent on bored-through revolver cylinders for metallic cartridge use. The Remington Army cartridge-conversions were the first large-caliber cartridge revolvers available, beating even Smith & Wesson's.44 American to market by nearly two years.Due to the large volume of these pistols, individual gunsmiths also produced cartridge conversions in a variety of calibers such as.44-40 and.45 Colt.
Buffalo Bill Cody pistol
used an ivory-handled New Model Army.44, serial number 73,293, from 1863 until 1906, when he gave it to his ranch foreman with a handwritten note which said that, "It never failed me."In June 2012, the pistol came up for sale at auction and sold for a reported sum of US$239,000. The Heritage Auctions company represented the pistol as "The Most Important William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody Gun Extant". Accompanying the sale of the pistol were personal artifacts of Cody's including seventeen handwritten letters.
Model series
The various pistols in this series with pertinent data.| Model | Frame | Years Mfg'd | Caliber | Production | Barrel | Notes |
| Remington-Beals Army Model Revolver | Large | 1861-1862 | .44 | 1,900 | 8 inch octagon | |
| Remington-Beals Navy Model Revolver | Medium | 1861-1862 | .36 | 14,500 | 7 1/2 inch octagon | |
| 1861 Army Revolver | Large | 1862 | .44 | 6,000 | 8 inch octagon | |
| 1861 Navy Revolver | Medium | 1862 | .36 | 7,000 | 7 3/8 inch octagon | |
| New Model Army Revolver | Large | 1863-1875 | .44 | 132,000 | 8 inch octagon | Used for factory conversions in.46 RF &.44 Remington |
| New Model Navy Revolver | Medium | 1863-1875 | .36 | 28,000 | 7 3/8 inch octagon | Used for factory and U.S. Navy conversions to.38 RF & CF |
| New Model Single Action Belt Revolver | Large | 1863-1875 | .36 percussion and.38 CF | 2,500 - 3,000 | 6 1/2 inch octagon | Factory conversion production started in 1873 |
| Remington-Rider Double Action New Model Belt Revolver | Large | 1863-1873 | .36 percussion and.38 CF | 3,000 - 5,000 | 6 1/2 inch octagon | 1863-1865 available with fluted cylinder, conversions had two-piece cylinder |
| New Model Police Revolver | Medium | 1865-1873 | .36 percussion and.38 RF | 25,000 | 3 1/2, 4 1/2, 5 1/2, 6 1/2 inch octagon | Conversions all believed to be rimfire only |
| New Model Pocket Revolver | Small | 1865-1873 | .31 percussion and.32 CF | 25,000 | 3, 3 1/2, 4, 4 1/2, 5 1/2 | Majority produced as conversions or cartridge, 5 round cylinders only with a spur trigger |