Revelation 16

Text

Textual witnesses

• Papyrus 47
• Codex Sinaiticus
• Codex Alexandrinus
• Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
• Papyrus 43

  Verse 1

• "From the temple": from the words in ἐκ τοῦ ναοῦ, ek tou naou, "from the temple", or "from the sanctuary", do not appear in some ancient versions, and Tischendorf omitted them from his critical edition. German Protestant theologian Heinrich Meyer argues that the inclusion of these words "is guaranteed by A, C, א, and some other manuscripts, "and is entirely suitable".

  Verse 8

• "Men": from Greek: ἄνθρωπος in generic use refers to 'both men and women'.

  Verse 9

• "Men": from Greek: ἄνθρωπος in generic use refers to 'both men and women'.

  Verse 12

• "From the east": translated from the Greek phrase with literal meaning "from the rising of the sun" here in the sense of 'a geographical direction'.

  Verse 16

• "Armageddon": identified with Har-megiddo, "the mountain of Megiddo", which may refer to 'the slaying of Josiah in the valley of Megiddo', which 'became proverbial for any great sorrow' or 'to the slaughter of Sisera's army at the waters of Megiddo', by Barak,.