Rhotacism (speech impediment)


In medical contexts, rhotacism is the inability to pronounce or difficulty in pronouncing r sounds. Speech pathologists call the condition de-rhotacism, or de-rhotacization, because the sounds lose their rhotic quality rather than becoming rhotic.

Language development

Rhotic sounds are usually the last ones a child masters. Some people never learn to produce them; they substitute other sounds, such as the velar approximant, the uvular approximant, and the uvular trill.
In English, the most common occurrence of this type is a pronunciation perceived as closer to , which is known as r-labialisation. This form of rhotacism has often been used in English-language media for comedic effect, since it evokes among English speakers a childlike way of pronouncing the letter R, an example being Elmer Fudd's pronunciation of "rabbit" ] as "wabbit" ] in Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons. Often, people with the condition are mistakenly referred to as a person with a lisp, which is a different speech pattern.

Across languages

Rhotacism is more common among speakers of languages that have a trilled R, such as Arabic, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Czech, Finnish, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, Dutch, and Swedish.
In Czech language there is a specific type of rhotacism called rotacismus bohemicus which is an inability to pronounce the specific letter /ř/ which is even more stressed than R sound and is unique and specific only for Czech language. For more info about this letter read Voiced alveolar fricative trill.

Public personalities with rhotacism