Riley County, named for Mexican–American War general Bennet Riley, was on the western edge of the 33 original counties established by the Kansas Territorial Legislature in August 1855. For organizational purposes, Riley County initially had attached to it Geary County and all land west of Riley County, across Kansas Territory into present-day Colorado. The first Territorial Capital of Kansas Territory was located in the boundaries of Riley County, in the former town of Pawnee. The site now falls within the boundaries of Fort Riley, a U.S. Army post. Manhattan was selected as county seat in contentious fashion. In late 1857, an election was held to select the county seat, with Ogden prevailing. However, Manhattanites suspected election fraud, and were eventually able to prove that a number of votes were illegally cast. Sheriff David A. Butterfield was forced to secure the county's books and records for Manhattan, and Manhattan was finally officially declared the county seat in 1858. On May 30, 1879, the "Irving, Kansas Tornado" began in Riley County. This tornado is estimated to have been an F4 on the Fujita scale, with a damage path wide and long. Eighteen people were killed and sixty were injured.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and is water. The eastern border of the county follows the former course of the Big Blue River. The river was dammed in the 1960s and Tuttle Creek Lake was created as a result. The county falls within the Flint Hills region of the state.
Riley County is part of the Manhattan, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area. Millennials make up 53.6% of the population of Riley County, one of the highest rates in the United States.
As of the census of 2000, there were 62,843 people, 22,137 households, and 12,263 families residing in the county. The population density was 103 people per square mile. There were 23,397 housing units at an average density of 38 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 84.78% White, 6.88% Black or African American, 0.63% Native American, 3.22% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 1.89% from other races, and 2.43% from two or more races. 4.57% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 22,137 households out of which 27.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.20% were married couples living together, 6.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.60% were non-families. 27.50% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.99. In the county, the population was spread out with 18.80% under the age of 18, 34.50% from 18 to 24, 25.90% from 25 to 44, 13.30% from 45 to 64, and 7.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.40 males. The median income for a household in the county was $32,042, and the median income for a family was $46,489. Males had a median income of $26,856 versus $23,835 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,349. About 8.50% of families and 20.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.20% of those under age 18 and 6.70% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Presidential elections
Owing to its history of Yankee anti-slavery settlement in “Bleeding Kansas” days, Riley County became rock-ribbed Republican following Kansas statehood, except when over half of its voters supported ProgressiveTheodore Roosevelt in 1912. Being relatively resistant to the Democratic populism of William Jennings Bryan, Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt, Riley County stands as the westernmost of thirty-eight US counties to have never voted Democratic for President since the Civil War. However, it is the only one whose status as “never Democratic” stands significantly threatened: Donald Trump’s 46.0 percent is the third-worst by a Republican in history behind the 1912 and 1992 elections when major third party candidates influenced the result. Hillary Clinton’s losing margin of only 3.5 percent is the second-closest any Democrat has come to claiming the county behind her husband in the divided 1992 election. In the 2018 Gubernatorial Election in Kansas, Democratic candidate Laura Kelly won Riley County by a 24 point margin, and in the 2018 US House Election in KS-01, Republican candidate Roger Marshall lost Riley County by a 2 point margin. Riley County is the only county in Kansas without an elected sheriff; the county police department handles all the Sheriff’s functions.
Laws
Riley County was a prohibition, or "dry", county until the Kansas Constitution was amended in 1986 and voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with a 30 percent food sales requirement. The food sales requirement was removed with voter approval in 2004.
These former places were flooded when Tuttle Creek Lake was created in the 1950s and 1960s. Randolph was also flooded, but moved a mile west of its original location.
Cleburne
Garrison Cross
Stockdale
Winkler
Fort Riley
Located north of the junction of the Smoky Hill and Republican rivers in Geary County, Fort Riley Military Reservation covers in Geary and Riley counties. The fort has a daytime population of nearly 25,000 and includes a census-designated place:
Fort Riley
Townships
Riley County is divided into fourteen townships. The city of Manhattan which is surrounded by Manhattan Township is considered governmentally independent and is excluded from the census figures for Manhattan Township or any other townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.
Township
FIPS
Population center
Population
Population density /km²
Land area km²
Water area km²
Water %
Geographic coordinates
Ashland
02725
150
2
89
1
0.75%
Bala
03825
Leonardville
762
7
108
0
0.12%
Center
12100
81
1
82
0
0.04%
Fancy Creek
22950
126
2
83
0
0.07%
Grant
28075
833
9
92
7
7.38%
Jackson
34900
Randolph
326
4
84
10
10.30%
Madison
44125
Fort Riley CDP
8,173
22
366
0
0.11%
Manhattan
44275
3,275
37
89
3
3.28%
May Day
45225
78
1
81
0
0.04%
Ogden
52300
Ogden
2,423
69
35
1
2.32%
Sherman
65075
524
7
76
5
6.06%
Swede Creek
69650
Cleburne
157
1
125
4
3.00%
Wildcat
79175
750
10
77
0
0.10%
Zeandale
80900
357
2
154
2
0.97%
Notable people
Among notable current and former residents of Riley County are former Governor John W. Carlin, General Glen Edgerton, millionaire miner Horace A. W. Tabor, NFL receiver Jordy Nelson.
