Robert College
The Robert College of Istanbul is an independent high school in Turkey. The co-educational boarding school is situated in a wooded campus on the European side of Istanbul in the Beşiktaş district, with the historic Arnavutköy neighborhood to the east, and the upscale Ulus neighborhood to the west.
The 154-year-old institution is arguably the oldest American school still in existence in its original location outside the United States. Robert College is accredited by the New York State Association of Independent Schools.
Robert College has a long list of notable alumni, including entrepreneurs, politicians, journalists, artists, two Turkish Prime Ministers, two Bulgarian Prime Ministers, three members of the Turkish cabinet, and one Nobel Prize recipient, Orhan Pamuk. The school is a member of the G30 Schools group.
History
In 1863, Robert College was founded in Bebek by Christopher Robert, a wealthy American philanthropist, and Cyrus Hamlin, a missionary devoted to education. Six years after its foundation, with the permission of the Ottoman Sultan, the first campus was built in Bebek at the ridge of the Rumelian Castle, very close to a Bektashi tekke, whose leaders maintained an excellent relationship with the Congregational and Presbyterian founders of Robert College, according to Dr. Friedrich Schrader, a German lecturer at Robert College during the 1890s. The first building of the school was named "Hamlin Hall" in memory of Cyrus Hamlin. In 1878, Christopher Robert died. According to the article A Millionaire's Will, published in the New York Times, Robert left a great portion of his wealth to the College.A College Catalog was compiled in 1878–1879, giving general information and an outline of the courses of study. Defining the aims of the College the catalog stated: "The object of the College is to give to its students, without distinction of race or religion, a thorough educational equal in all respects to that obtained at a first-class American college and based upon the same general principles."
After Hamlin, Robert College was administrated by George Washburn and Caleb Gates. Though founded at the time of the Ottoman Empire as an institution of higher learning serving the Christian minorities of the Empire as well as foreigners living in Constantinople, the school adopted a strictly secular educational model in accordance with the republican principles of Turkey in 1923. Robert College, at various points of its existence, had junior high school, high school, and university sections under the names Robert Academy, Robert Yüksek and American College for Girls. Since 1971, the current-day Robert College has functioned only as a "high school" on its Arnavutköy campus, yet it retains the title of 'College'. The Bebek campus and academic staff were turned over to the Republic of Turkey for use as a public university named Boğaziçi University, the renamed continuation of Robert College's university section.
Major events
- 1863, September 16: Robert College opened with 31 students at Bebek Seminary School.
- 1922: President C. Gates and Hüseyin Pektaş attended the Conference of Lausanne representing foreign educational institutions in the Ottoman Empire.
- 1932: With Dr. Paul Monroe, the joint Presidency system was adopted by Robert College and the American College for Girls. Robert Academy was the preparatory school for Robert College, which had a reputable Engineering School. Instruction was bilingual, in Turkish and English. Graduates of ACG are considered ACG Alumni, not RC Alumni.
- 1957: Robert College was granted permission to become an institution of higher learning by the Republic of Turkey; Robert College Yüksek provided university-level instruction and is the precursor of the current Boğaziçi University. Robert Academy remained on the Bebek campus as a private high school.
- 1971: Robert College Yüksek officially closed on 18 May and was renamed Boğaziçi University. The merger of the American College for Girls and Robert Academy as a co-educational private institution with junior high and high schools, on the Arnavutköy campus was officially confirmed on September 1971. Robert College's Bebek campus was donated to the Republic of Turkey. Boğaziçi University was established as a public university on this land.
- 1998: With the adoption of a law calling for eight years of uninterrupted primary education in Turkey, the school stopped accepting students to its junior high school section.
- 2004: The last junior high school students graduated and the school's junior high school section was officially closed. Now, Robert College has Prep, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th grades, and accepts students who have finished compulsory primary education of eight years.
List of presidents and heads
- Cyrus Hamlin, 1863–1877
- George Washburn, 1877–1903
- Caleb Frank Gates, 1903–1932
- Paul Monroe, 1932–1935
- Walter Livingston Wright, 1935–1943
- Harold Lorain Scott, 1943–1944
- Floyd Henson Black, 1944–1955
- Duncan Smith Ballantine, 1955–1961
- Harold Locke Hazen, 1961
- Patrick Murphy Malin, 1962–1964
- James L. Brainerd, 1965
- Dwight James Simpson, 1965–1967
- Howard P. Hall, 1967–1968
- John Scott Everton, 1968–1971
- John Clay Chalfant, 1971–1977
- James Richard Maggart, 1977–1981
- Elizabeth Dabanovitch, 1981–1982
- Alan Donn Kesselheim, 1982–1984
- Margaret A. Johnson, 1984–1988
- Harry A. Dawe, 1988–1992
- Benjamin D. Williams III, 1992–1993
- Christopher Wadsworth, 1993–2001
- Livingston Merchant, 2001–2005
- John Russell Chandler, 2005–2012
- Anthony Jones, 2012–2015
- Charles H. Skipper, 2015–2019
- Adam Oliver, 2019–Present
Academics
Students
Robert College accepts 180 to 220 students each year, who have scored within the top 0.2 percentile in a nationwide examination, which every Turkish student must take in order to study in a high school after they complete their primary education. The school has around 1000 students each academic year.In the 1998–1999 academic year there were 942 students, with 99% having Turkish nationality.
Circa 1904, the school had about 300 students, with boarding space for about 200. Lucy Mary Jane Garnett wrote in the 1904 work Turkish Life in Town and Country that at that time most of the students were Christian as the college had a requirement for students to attend Christian Sunday church services and chapel services, and "it would be unsafe for any professed Moslem to become either a resident or a daily student" since the Ottoman government would take a dim view of a Muslim going to chapel. In 1904, Greek students made up the majority and other students included significant numbers of Armenians and Bulgarians.
Faculty and staff
The faculty have an average of 20 years of teaching experience and the majority have either Turkish or United States citizenship. The school currently has faculty who are 50% Turkish, and 48% English native speakers. Sixty percent of the full-time faculty hold master's degrees or higher.there were 102 teachers, with 45% being Turkish and 32% being American. Of the teachers, eight were part-time. The school's guidance counselors, as of that year, were English-speaking Turkish citizens.
, as per Turkish Ministry of Education regulations, the school employs only Turkish citizens to teach history and social studies classes.
, the school pays its foreign employees funds so that their children may attend Istanbul International Community School, If an employee chooses another school, Robert College will pay an equivalent amount.
In 1904, faculty included Americans, Turks, Armenians, Bulgarians, and Greeks.
Curriculum
Robert College is a five-year high school, with the first year being the English immersion year that prepares students for rigorous curriculum, which is mostly in English. English is the language of instruction used in Science, Mathematics, Literature, Physical Education, Art and Music courses. Turkish is the required language of instruction in social sciences and Turkish language/literature.Higher education
Robert College graduates traditionally continue their education in the United States or Turkey, though in recent years the number of students studying in Canada and the United Kingdom increased. Every year approximately 50–60 percent of the graduating class choose to study abroad, while those wishing to study in Turkey get placed in a university based on their score on the Core Proficiency Test-Advanced Proficiency Test. In 2006, Robert College ranked first in all three sections of ÖSS, a formerly-administered Student Selection and Placement System test, among private high schools in Turkey, with 76 out of 132 students taking the exam scoring in the top 0.3%. Out of the 104 students who chose to study in Turkey, 29 were admitted to Boğaziçi University, which is the overall highest ranking school in Turkey. 56 students chose to continue their education abroad and 36% of these students are attending Ivy League colleges. In 2011, Robert College placed 123 graduates in Turkish universities, 21 of them, 40%, in Bosphorus University. Another 53 planned to study abroad, 8 in the Ivy League. Of the 79 students who had applied abroad, 75 were offered admission.Co-curricular activities
Robert College has a rich history of co-curricular activities and sports, with about 100 student activity clubs as of 2015. Robert College introduced basketball to the Ottoman Empire in 1907. The first Student Council in Ottoman Empire was also formed in 1908 in Robert College.Student Council
is formed of a group of annually elected student governors and a faculty advisor. The elected body is proportional with class size. As well as class representatives, the president, the vice president, the secretary and the treasurer are elected after a period of campaigning. Student Council is responsible for facilitating communications between students, faculty and administration, as well as organizing social activities and fundraising for clubs. Student Council also organizes the largest and oldest high school festival, Fine Arts Festival, in Turkey. The President of the Student Council, representing the student body, makes a speech during the opening, closing, and graduation ceremonies.Publications
English
- Bosphorus Chronicle: The school's newspaper published quarterly.
- Record: The Yearbook.
- Kaleidoscope: The English literature magazine.
Turkish
- Köprü : The school's Turkish newspaper, published bimonthly.
- Martı : Turkish literature journal.
- Oda : Turkish literature journal publishing poems, stories and photos submitted by students.
- Tarih : The History Club's annual publication.
- Sinek : The Film Review Club's annual publication.
Conferences and festivals
Fine Arts Festival (FAF)
The Fine Arts Festival is the largest secondary school festival in Turkey. It has been held annually since 1982 by the Robert College Student Council. Each year, more than 2,000 people attend the festival, which is traditionally held in May. The festival is a big event in which many student groups can perform on stage. There are various art exhibitions and dance shows that also take place. Student Council members visit other high schools in Istanbul and advertise for this event. At the end of the festival, a well-known artist or band typically performs on stage. Most of the revenues used to fund this event are raised through food and ticket sales. Food vendors are usually selected by Student Council members and consist of restaurants close to Robert College such as "kumpir" sellers in Ortaköy. This promotes the tight-knit Robert College community spirit.International Istanbul Youth Forum (IYF)
The International Istanbul Youth Forum is an annually held conference at Robert College. It has been organized every year since 2006 with participants from numerous European countries. Each year, more than 150 participants from all over Europe gather at the RC campus. The conference is organized by the Robert College European Youth Club.Ethics Forum
The Ethics Forum is the first to be established at high school level in Turkey. Robert College Ethical Values Club organizes an ethics case study contest at national level among high school students, following their forum. The results are announced at the Ethics Conference near the end of the year. Both events attract more than twenty public and private schools from around Turkey.Robert College International Model United Nations (RCIMUN)
Robert College International Model United Nations is a THIMUN-affiliated Model United Nations conference organized annually by the Robert College Model United Nations Club since 2006. The conference includes four General Assembly committees, those being the Political, Human Rights, Environment, and Disarmament Committees, a Special Conference committee, the Security Council of UN, an Advisory Panel, ECOSOC, Specialized Agencies, the equivalent of two intertwined historical committees which simulate a single historical event, a separate Historical Security Council, as well as a simulation of the International Criminal Court. Approximately 750 students, of which about 42% were from international schools attended the 2012 conference.Istanbul Gençlik Forumu (IGF)
Istanbul Gençlik Forumu is a national conference where representatives from over 30 high schools from different regions come together to discuss issues regarding the future of Turkey. In 2008, the 5th IGF welcomed over 250 participants. Discussions about international affairs are held in Turkish and each committee is responsible for writing a resolution. Then, at the General Assembly, each resolution is discussed and voted on. It is also the National Selection Conference of EYP Turkey, which is also recognized by the international office of European Youth Parliament. The conference is held annually and is organized by the Robert College European Youth Club.Turkish Theater Festival (TIFES)
Organized by the Robert College Theater Club, TIFES is one of the major theatrical events at high school level in Turkey. The festival takes place in Robert College campus during the first week of June. Numerous plays are put on stage during the week in Suna Kıraç Hall and famous actors, actresses and playwrights give talks on topics related to theatrical arts.Junior Achievement Robert College Conference (JARC)
Robert College Junior Achievement Club is hosting this event. About 300 Junior Achievement students from all over Turkey meet each other and share their experiences with others and famous entrepreneurs and artists related to the topics like Risk, Alternative Careers, Creating a Brand. The entertaining workshop about these topics is a didacting icebreaking activity to strengthen the relationship between Junior Achievement students. The nearest conference is in April 2011.Campus
The wooded campus overlooking the Bosphorus is home to historic buildings as well as modern ones, centennial trees and a rich fauna, among which the Bosphorus Beetle, an endemic species to this campus, could be counted.Major buildings
- Gould Hall: This building, the oldest educational building on the campus, is a gift from Helen Gould Shepard, daughter of the famous 19th century Wall Street financier Jay Gould. She donated US$150,000 for the construction, which began in 1911 and was completed in 1914. Today it houses classrooms, the main administrative offices, the İbrahim Bodur library, Heritage Room, and the RC Commons area, as well as the Turkish Literature and Social Sciences Departments.
- Mitchell Hall: Originally home to the school kitchens and dining room, the building was a gift from Miss Olivia E. Phelps Stokes, who donated US$100,000. A modest woman, she asked for the building to be named in memory of her friend, Sarah Lindlay Mitchell. Today, the building houses classrooms used primarily for Math lessons, the Math Department, the Sait Halman Computer Center, the audio-visual center, and two Multimedia Rooms. The top floor is used for examinations, minor conferences, and weekly club sessions.
- Woods Hall: Completed in 1914, the building was a partial gift from Mrs. Henry Woods of Boston, who donated US$58,000, with Helen Gould Shepard supplying the remaining US$25,000 required. It was used as a Science Building until 1990, and today is home to classrooms used primarily for English lessons, two English department offices, and two college counselling offices.
- Sage Hall: A gift from Mrs. Margaret Olivia Sage, widow of Russell Sage, a famous 19th century financier and associate of Jay Gould, Sage Hall is one of the few buildings still used for its original purpose. A philanthropist, she donated US$100,000 for the building, built as a dormitory. Today, the building houses the girls' dormitories, infirmary, art studios and a darkroom.
- Bingham Hall: Originally built as a medical school building, financed by William Bingham in memory of his mother, Mary Payne Bingham, the building housed the junior high school section from 1925 to 1992. Today, it is home to the boys' dormitories, as well as a small conference room, business and administrative offices.
- Feyyaz Berker Hall: Feyyaz Berker Hall, which today houses the science labs and classrooms, as well as the Science Department, was completed in 1990, and named after its largest donor, leading Turkish businessman and Robert College Trustee, Feyyaz Berker. Contents of the Biology Museum, which has one of the rarest collections in Turkey, is scattered around the second and third floors of the building.
- Suna Kıraç Hall: A state-of-the-art theater building completed in 1990, which includes a large stage, make-up rooms, modern sound and lighting system and seatings for 512 people, was named after its largest donor Suna Kıraç, a leading Turkish businesswoman and Robert College Trustee. Its basement houses the music department and several music rooms.
- Nejat Eczacıbaşı Hall: The modern school gymnasium was opened in 1990 and named after its largest donor, prominent Turkish bio-chemist and businessman Dr. Nejat Eczacıbaşı. Its basement houses the Multi-Purpose Room.
İbrahim Bodur Library
Other buildings and facilities
- The Rodney B. Wagner Memorial Maze
- Murat Karamancı Student Center
- Dave Phillips Field
- Tennis courts
- Basketball courts
- Faculty housing
- Biology Pond
- The Bridge and Security
- Forum
Tuition and financial aid
Robert College tuition fees for Prep grades in the 2016–2017 academic year are:Day Student | Boarder | Boarder |
TRY 59,980 | TRY 82,220 | TRY 92,260 |
US$17,442 | US$23,906 | US$26,825 |
Tuition fees are adjusted each year according to the inflation rates in a limited range set by the Ministry of Education. Robert College has been the most expensive private school in Turkey over the years. It is still the most expensive educational institution, surpassing some private universities. According to school data, 25% of students received financial aid for the 2016–2017 academic year.
Notable alumni
Since the time of the Ottoman Empire, Robert College alumni have played a leading role in numerous fields including the arts, academia, science, engineering, business, civil society and government administration. Garnett stated in her 1904 publication that "since its foundation forty years ago many of its graduates have attained to high positions in the Governments of the Balkan principalities, and otherwise distinguished themselves."In 1990, three alumni, Nejat Eczacıbaşı, Suna Kıraç and Feyyaz Berker donated the necessary funds for the construction of the new buildings that are mentioned in the Buildings section. An annual giving campaign raises funds for the school, as costs cannot be met by tuition fees alone. The development office publishes the RC Quarterly, which reaches 10,000 Robert College alumni around the world online and by mail.
Bizimtepe, a cultural and recreational center next to the campus, is an affiliate of the Alumni Association.
Notable faculty (former and current)
- Cahit Arf, mathematician
- Calouste Gulbenkian, entrepreneur and art collector
- Behçet Kemal Çağlar, poet
- John Freely, Professor of Physics, author
- Mebrure Gönenç, one of the first female members of the Turkish Parliament
- Frances Harshbarger, one of the first female American mathematicians to receive a doctorate
- Necip Fazıl Kısakürek, poet and author
- Paul Lange, conductor of the Ottoman Empire's Royal Orchestra, musician, father of US conductor Hans Lange
- M. M. Mangasarian, Armenian-American atheist and secularist intellectual
- Arman Manukyan, Professor of Economy and Accounting
- Mihri Pektaş, one of the first female members of the Turkish Parliament
- Dave Phillips, Physical Education teacher, played professional basketball for Beşiktaş JK
- Mary Paton Ramsay, literary scholar
- Friedrich Schrader, German journalist and author
- Karl von Terzaghi, Austrian civil engineer, known as the "father of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering"
Books on Robert College
- Ali Neyzi, Alma Mater and the Story of Robert College
- Asya Orhon, Kolejlerin Koleji, Robert Kolej
- Betty Tank, Pushing My Shadow
- Caleb Frank Gates, Not To Me Only, Princeton, 1940.
- Cyrus Hamlin, My Life and Times, Boston, 1893.
- Cyrus Hamlin, Among the Turks
- Eren Yanık, Akvaryum
- via Internet Archive
- Hester Donaldson Jenkins, An Educational Ambassador to the Middle East
- John Freely, History of Robert College, Istanbul, YKY, 2000.
- Lynn Scipio, My Thirty Years in Turkey, New Hampshire, Ringde, 1955.
- Mary Mills Patrick, A Bosphorus Adventure, London, 1934.
- Mary Mills Patrick, Under Five Sultans
- May Fincancı, The Story of Robert College Old and New
- Moris Farhi, Young Turk
- Orhan Türker, Mega Revma'dan Arnavutköy'e, Istanbul, 2005
- Stevens Marcia & Malcolm, Against the Devil's Current: Life & Times of C.H.
- Talat S. Halman, Aklın Yolu Bindir, Istanbul, 2003.
- Ugur Ersoy, 1950–55 Erguvan Renkli Yıllar, Istanbul, 2004.