Robert Hartmann (naturalist)


Karl Eduard Robert Hartmann was a German naturalist, anatomist and ethnographer.

Career

A native of Blankenburg am Harz, Hartmann studied medicine and sciences in Berlin, and in 1865 was an instructor of comparative zoology and physiology at the agricultural academy in Proskau. In 1873 he became a professor of anatomy at the University of Berlin. During his career, he performed ethnographical and geographical research in Africa, and conducted studies on the anatomy of marine species while working in Sweden and Italy.
In 1859-60 he accompanied Adalbert von Barnim, the son of Adalbert of Prussia, on a mission to northeastern Africa. Here he performed ethnographical, zoological and geographical studies in the region. On the journey, Adalbert von Barnim became ill and died on June 12, 1860 at Roseires in the Sudan. Hartmann wrote about his experiences regarding the expedition in a book titled Reisen des Freihern von Barnim durch Nordostafrika in den Jahren 1859 und 1860.
In 1869, with Adolf Bastian, he founded the Zeitschrift für Ethnologie. He served as secretary of the Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte and was general secretary of the Anthropologischen Gesellschaft. He penned a number of articles on Africa, as well as a book on anthropoid apes, a treatise in which he describes the behaviour of non-human apes and suggests that humans and non-human apes have an evolutionary common ancestor.

Selected publications