Robert Scott Burn


Robert Scott Burn was a Scottish engineer and author, known as prolific writer between 1850 and 1860 on a wide range of subjects ranging from agriculture, building construction and mechanical engineering to architectural and technical drawing.

Biography

Born at Lauder in the Scottish Borders, Burn received his education as engineer as apprentice at Watson, Ross and Co. in Edinburgh, who were working as agricultural and brewing engineers. After working at the Main Point Foundry in Edinburgh, he visited the United States. Back in the United Kingdom he settled in Stockport as consulting agricultural engineer.
Late 1840s Burn came into prominence with some technical innovations. He developed an improved roller gin, used in separating the seed from cotton, and made some improvements to steam engines. In the 1850s Burn he stated writing and edited a series of books on engineering and drawing, starting with Practical ventilation as applied to public, domestic, and agricultural structures, in 1850. Main works he further edited, were The Illustrated Drawing Book and Practical Geometry in 1853, The steam engine; its history and mechanism in 1854. Burn moved to Castle Farm in Cheshire.
Late 1850s Burn also started writing for the Journal of Agriculture. He visited Belgium and Holland on three occasions, in 1859, 1860, and 1862, where he examined the peculiarities of the agriculture of the country. He published his findings in the 1862 Notes of an Agricultural Tour in Belgium, Holland, & the Rhine, and later wrote more works in the field of agriculture. He was a proponent of the idea of a "great extension of small farms in England as a means of improving our agriculture or the well-being of our population."
Burn continued to write on the wide ranging from agriculture, building construction and mechanical engineering to architectural and technical drawing. He specialised in both in textbooks for students, and in "instructions for self-teaching of artistic and mechanical subjects." Some of his works were translated into German, and one drawing manual was even translated into Japanese. His The Illustrated Drawing Book was translated in Japanese, entitled Seiga Shinan , was even the first drawing textbook in Japan.
In 1881 Burn had become a member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. In the same year he was also elected a member of the Iron and Steel Institute. In 1901 Burn died at the age of seventy-sixth in his residence in Edinburgh from bronchitis, from which he had been suffering for years.

Work

''The illustrated London drawing book,'' 1852

In the preface Burn explained, that Art has long been neglected in the educational system. "Drawing has been generally looked upon as an accomplishment," Burn said," not considered as an essential – as ornamental rather than indispensable in the education of the rising of generation."
Burn stipulated that "so far from looking upon a knowledge of the art of drawing as necessary merely to the artist or designer, we hold that it should form an essential part of general education – that its proper place is in the daily school, that its principles and practice should be inculcated in the daily lessons; in short, that equally with reading or writing, so should drawing be deemed one of the branches of every-day tuition..."
Another attitude toward drawing education was required, according to Burn: "A knowledge of drawing is generally imparted by a course of irregular and desultory lessons, aided by a laborious practice, dependent more upon empirical rules than fixed and certain principles. We are aware that there are many honourable exceptions to this rule; but few, we think, will be disposed to deny that it is the rule. On the supposition that the pupil at the outset is utterly ignorant of the art, we commence our instructions by elucidating."
There are principles underlying all drawing. According to Burn the first principle is:

''Practical Geometry,'' 1853

The full title of this work is The Illustrated London Practical Geometry: And Its Application to Architectural Drawing ; for the Use of Schools and Students, published by Ingram, Cooke, and Company in 1853. In this work Burn goes on describing the basics of all drawing:
Looking back in his later work The illustrated architectural, engineering, & mechanical drawing-book Burn summarised, that the work in Practical Geometry gave "simple definitions and constructions of the various forms and figures which may be said to constitute the foundation of all drawing." He further explained:

''Mechanics and mechanism,'' 1853

The 1853 Mechanics and Mechanism, is an illustrated educational work on mechanics and mechanism, published as part of the publishers Popular Educational Series. About the importance of this work, Burn explained in the preface of the first edition, citing himself from elsewhere:
Within one year a second edition was published. A review of this second edition of in the newspaper Derby Mercury stated:
One of the best-considered and most judiciously-illustrated elementary treatises on mechanics and mechanism which we have met with. The illustrations, diagrams, and explanations are skilfully introduced, and happily apposite; numerous, and beautifully executed. As a hand-book for the instruction of youth, it would be difficult to surpass it.

Legacy

In the early 19th century, Burn was remembered as "author of a large number of technical handbooks, some of which maintained a steady sale during the last thirty-five years. The subjects dealt with included mechanics and mechanism, the steam-engine, building construction, and various branches of agriculture. He also wrote several works of a religious character, some of which were issued through the Religious Tract Society."
According to Mervyn Romans, Robert Scott Burn and William S. Binns are considered the two most popular and influential writers of technical manuals in the Victorian Age. Especially Burn's The illustrated London drawing book and Mechanics and mechanism stayed in print for over 40 years.
In the late 19th century according to Romans the "increased demand for technical manuals reflects a fundamental shift in the way instruction in drawing was already moving away from being strictly the preserve of artists, towards a wider role in scientific and vocational education as well."

Selected publications

1850s