Romans 9


Romans 9 is the ninth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle, while he was in Corinth in the mid 50s CE, with the help of an amanuensis, Tertius, who adds his own greeting in.
The reformer Martin Luther stated that "in chapters 9, 10 and 11, St. Paul teaches us about the eternal providence of God. It is the original source which determines who would believe and who wouldn't, who can be set free from sin and who cannot".
Methodist writer Joseph Benson summarises this chapter:

Text

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 33 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
Alexander Kirkpatrick, in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, associates Paul's willingness to be "cursed and cut off from Christ" for the sake of his brethren with Moses' prayer for the forgiveness of his wayward people and with King David's mourning on the death of his son Absalom, "O my son Absalom - my son, my son Absalom - if only I had died in your place! O Absalom my son, my son!”.

Verse 6

The divine promises to Abraham were fulfilled, even though 'only a portion of Abraham's natural descendants' was elected.

Verse 7

The failure of Ishmael and Esau to obtain their natural birthright does not hinder the fulfillment of God's promises, because it is through the second born, Isaac and Jacob, the true 'children of promise', that God's plan was fulfilled.

Verse 27

Citing

Verse 28

Citing

Verse 33

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