Fatma al-Yussef, also known as Rose El Youssef , was a Lebanese born Egyptian actress, a pioneer of Arab female journalism and patron of the Egyptian press. She is considered the Arab world's first woman journalist.
Biography
Rose El Youssef was born in Tripoli, Lebanon to Turkish father and a Lebanese mother. She received her primary education in Tripoli. Her mother died at birth, and she arrived in Egypt with her father when she was 10 years old. Her father then went on to live in Brazil and left her with the Christian family of Lebanese born Egyptian Eskander Farah, who had a major impact on her life, and especially on her choice to choose the acting profession. She began appearing at age 14. Initially, only in small roles, but her breakout came when none of the actresses agreed to play an old woman role, and Al-Yosef took it upon herself. From 1912 to 1925, she was a well-known theater and work actress as part of the George Abyad troupe and the Youssef Wehbe troupe reaching the peak of fame between 1923-1925. Her success won her the nickname the "Sarah Bernard of the East" and praise from Egyptian and international critics. She also became a favorite of the high society. In 1925 she founded the news magazineRose al-Yūsuf. The magazine, which did not hesitate to use in illustration of caricatures, became popular and addressed taboo subjects such as religion and sexuality. This Cairo weekly, which continued despite the death of its founder in 1958, stood out in 1994 as one of the rare Arab journals to dare to publish extracts from the Satanic Verses of Salman Rushdie.
Legacy
Through her work she succeeded in breaking social and political conventions and boundaries, and shattering prejudices imposed on women during her time, depriving them of their right to self-expression and their integration into the political and social arena. Rose El Youssef, unique in her time, has become an emblematic figure of the Egyptian press and theater and of the Cairo context in the interwar period. A documentary entitled The Legend of Rose al-Youssef, was produced in 2002 by Mohamad Kamel al-Kalioubi. The Arab Human Development Report 2005: Towards the Rise of Women in the Arab World described her as a "pioneer of the stage and one of the earliest actresses." and said that she "was a woman unique in her time." She had said "I made this woman myself."
