Royal Historical Commission of Burma


The Royal Historical Commission of the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma produced the standard court chronicles of Konbaung era, Hmannan Yazawin and Dutiya Yazawin.

Commission (1829–1832)

In May 1829, three years after the disastrous First Anglo-Burmese War, King Bagyidaw created the first Royal Historical Commission to write an official chronicle of Konbaung Dynasty. The standard official chronicle at the time was Maha Yazawin, the standard chronicle of Toungoo Dynasty that covers from time immemorial to October 1711. It was the second attempt by Konbaung kings to update Maha Yazawin. The first attempt, Yazawin Thit, commissioned by Bagyidaw's predecessor and grandfather Bodawpaya, had not been accepted because the new chronicle contained severe criticisms of earlier chronicles. Although it was Bodawpaya himself who had ordered the author of Yazawin Thit, Twinthin Taikwun, to verify the accuracy of Maha Yazawin by consulting a variety of sources including hundreds of inscriptions, the king did not accept the new chronicle when it was presented to him.
The members of the commission consisted of learned monks, court historians and court Brahmins: The commission first convened for the first time on 11 May 1829. Three years and four months later, the commission had brought up the history to 1821, producing Hmannan Yazawin.
NameDescriptionResponsibility
Monywe Zetawun SayadawChief Abbot of Monywe Zetawun MonasteryHead of the Commission
Consulting editor; responsible for verifying Maha Yazawin and Yazawin Thit
Thawkabin SayadawChief Abbot of Thawkabin MonasteryConsulting editor; responsible for verifying Maha Yazawin and Yazawin Thit
Maha Dhamma ThingyanMinister councilor to the kingResponsible for verifying Maha Yazawin and Yazawin Thit
U YaukMinister of the Royal CavalryResponsible for checking minor chronicles and poems
U CheinRoyal MessengerResponsible for checking minor chronicles and poems
U MaungLiaison to Privy Council
Thiri Maha Nanda ThingyanDeputy Minister, Governor of Hsaw
U WaDeputy Minister, Governor of Singu
ZayadewaCourt BrahminResponsible for checking Indian sources for ceremonial customs of the court
KamondraCourt BrahminResponsible for checking Indian sources for ceremonial customs of the court
U HpyawCourt scribeChief Scribe
Lu GyiCourt scribeScribe
Aung ThaCourt scribeScribe

Commission (1867–1869)

The second commission was formed in 1867. It was about 15 years after an even more disastrous Second Anglo-Burmese War, and about a year after a serious rebellion that killed Crown Prince Kanaung Mintha. A shaken King Mindon commissioned another committee of scholars to update Hmannan. The commission consisted of five members—senior court officials, a librarian, and a scribe. Whereas the first commission had stopped short of the First Anglo-Burmese War, the second commission had no choice but to tackle the two disastrous wars that had their dismembered kingdom on the brink. The commission updated the chronicle up to 1854, right after the second war. The Second Chronicle's account of the two wars, according to historian Htin Aung, was "written with the objectivity of a true historian, and the great national defeats were described faithfully in detail." The second chronicle in ten volumes was completed in 1869.