Ryōan Keigo


Ryōan Keigo was a Japanese Zen Buddhist monk and diplomat in the Muromachi period. He was the chief envoy of a 1511-1513 mission sent by the Ashikaga shogunate to the court of the Zhengde Emperor in Beijing.

Tofuku-ji abbot

In 1486, the Rinzai monk Keigo was the 171st abbot of the Tofuku-ji monastery when the honorific title "Ryōan" was conferred by Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado. He was already considered famous when he was designated by Ashikaga Yoshizumi to lead the 1511 mission to China; and Yoshizumi conferred the further honorific title "Butsunichi Zenji," perhaps with the intention of impressing the Chinese.

Mission to China

The economic benefit of the Sinocentric tribute system was profitable trade. The tally trade involved exchanges of Japanese products for Chinese goods. The Chinese "tally" was a certificate issued by the Ming. The first 100 such tallies were conveyed to Japan in 1404. Only those with this formal proof of Imperial permission represented by the document were officially allowed to travel and trade within the boundaries of China; and only those diplomatic missions presenting authentic tallies were received as legitimate ambassadors.
YearSenderEnvoysChinese monarchComments
1511-1513YoshitaneKeigoZhengdeParty of 600; returned with Zhengde tallies; returned leftover tallies from the Jingtai and Chenghua eras.

Selected works